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SECOP SC21G COMPRESSOR

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-11Updated: 2026-01-11

Secop SC21G is a high-performance hermetic reciprocating compressor designed for commercial refrigeration and freezing applications using R134a refrigerant. This guide covers detailed specifications, technical parameters, and installation requirements for 220-240V/50Hz systems at up to 1.3…

Specification	Value	Details
Model Number	SC21G	Universal designation for 220-240V models
Code Number	104G8140 / 104G8145	Variant coding for different pressure ratings
Compressor Type	Hermetic Reciprocating	Single-cylinder piston design
Refrigerant	R134a	Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) – non-ozone-depleting
Displacement	20.95 cm³ / 1.28 cu.in	Piston sweep volume per revolution
Oil Type	Polyolester (POE)	Synthetic lubricant for R134a compatibility
Oil Charge Capacity	550 cm³ / 18.6 fl.oz	Standard factory charge
Motor Type	CSCR / CSR	Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run design
Housing Design	Welded Steel Shell	Robust construction with epoxy coating

Parameter	220V/50Hz	240V/60Hz (Optional)	Unit
Voltage Range	187-254	198-254	Volts AC
Rated Current	1.3	1.25	Amperes
Power Input	150	160	Watts
Starting Current (LRA)	21.8	22.0	Amperes (Peak)
Frequency	50	60	Hz
Phase	Single-Phase (1Ph)	Single-Phase (1Ph)	Configuration
Starting Torque	HST (High Starting Torque)	HST	Classification
Approvals	VDE, CCC, EN 60335-2-34	International Safety Standards	Certifications

Measurement	Dimension (mm)	Dimension (inches)	Description
Height (A)	219	8.62	Total compressor height
Reduced Height (B)	213	8.39	Mounting flange height
Shell Length (C)	218	8.58	Cylindrical shell length
Length with Cover (D)	255	10.04	Maximum depth (mounting consideration)
Suction Connection	6.20 mm I.D.	0.244 inches	Inlet port diameter
Discharge Connection	6.20 mm I.D.	0.244 inches	Outlet port diameter
Estimated Weight	13.5-14.0	29.8-30.9	Kilograms / Pounds

Operating Mode	Evaporating Temp	Cooling Capacity	Power Input	COP	Application Example
LBP (Low-Back-Pressure)	-25°C (-13°F)	333 W	198 W	1.68	Deep freezing, ice cream
LBP Standard	-23.3°C (-9.9°F)	364 W	216 W	1.69	Frozen food storage
MBP (Medium-Back-Pressure)	-6.7°C (19.9°F)	476 W	283 W	1.68	Normal refrigeration
HBP (High-Back-Pressure)	+7.2°C (45°F)	671 W	400 W	1.68	Chilled water, mild cooling

Feature	Secop SC21G	Danfoss TL2 (Alternative)	Winner / Note
Displacement	20.95 cm³	10.5-15.0 cm³	SC21G larger capacity
Cooling Capacity @ -6.7°C	476 W	250-320 W	SC21G: 50-90% more output
Horsepower Equivalent	0.5-0.6 HP	0.25-0.33 HP	SC21G handles bigger systems
Refrigerant	R134a	R134a / R600a	Both compatible with R134a
Voltage Support	220-240V single-phase	110V-240V options	TL2 more versatile for low-voltage
Cost-Effectiveness	Mid-range	Lower cost	TL2 cheaper; SC21G better ROI for larger systems
Noise Level	Low (proven field data)	Moderate	SC21G quieter operation

Criterion	SC21G (Secop)	Embraco UE Series	Analysis
Global Market Share	Leading European brand	Strong Asian presence	Secop dominant in EU/Africa markets
Reliability Rating	99.2% MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures)	98.7% MTBF	Marginal difference; both professional-grade
Service Network	Extensive parts availability	Growing but limited	Secop has superior spare parts infrastructure
Startup Smoothness	High Starting Torque (HST)	Standard torque	SC21G superior for challenging starts
Integration with Controls	Thermostat, defrost, safety relays	Basic thermostat support	Secop offers advanced control flexibility

Temperature Class	Evaporating Range	Use Case	Product Examples
Freezing (Deep)	-30°C to -25°C (-22°F to -13°F)	Ice cream cabinets, blast freezers	Frozen meals, ice cream, gelato
Freezing (Standard)	-25°C to -10°C (-13°F to 14°F)	Chest/upright freezers	Frozen vegetables, fish, meat
Refrigeration	-10°C to +5°C (14°F to 41°F)	Display coolers, reach-in refrigerators	Fresh meat, dairy, beverages
Light Cooling	+5°C to +15°C (41°F to 59°F)	Wine coolers, medicine cabinets	Temperature-sensitive goods

Property	Value	Significance
Chemical Formula	CF₃CH₂F (Tetrafluoroethane)	Stable, non-flammable
Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)	0	Environment-friendly (CFC replacement)
Global Warming Potential (GWP)	1430	Lower than older R22 (1810) but higher than R290 (3)
Boiling Point	-26.3°C (-15.3°F)	Ideal for freezing applications
Critical Temperature	101.1°C (213.9°F)	Safe operating envelope
Maximum Refrigerant Charge	1.3 kg (2.87 lbs)	SC21G specification limit

Symptom	Likely Cause	Solution
Compressor won’t start	Thermal overload tripped	Allow 15-minute cool-down; check thermostat calibration
High discharge temp (>90°C)	Excessive condensing pressure	Clean condenser coils; increase airflow; reduce ambient heat
Low cooling capacity	Dirty evaporator; airflow restriction	Defrost cycle may be needed; vacuum-purge system
Excessive vibration/noise	Worn mounting rubber; loose bolts	Inspect/replace isolation pads; retighten all fittings
Oil in discharge line	Liquid slugging or oil carryover	Install suction accumulator; reduce evaporating temperature
Freezing compressor	Refrigerant flood-back	Check expansion valve setting; install crankcase heater
High current draw >1.5A	Low suction pressure or high discharge	Verify thermostat; check refrigerant charge level

Reading Type	Normal Range	Caution (Investigate)	Critical (Stop)
Suction Pressure	-5 to +5 bar (gauge)	Below -8 or above +8 bar	Below -10 or above +10 bar
Discharge Pressure	15-26 bar (depending on mode)	Above 28 bar sustained	Above 32 bar (high-pressure cutout activates)
Pressure Differential	20-30 bar (discharge – suction)	>35 bar differential	>40 bar (exceeds compressor design limit)
Discharge Temperature	60-80°C (140-176°F)	85-95°C range	>100°C (motor winding risk)

Operating Mode	Power Draw	Daily Usage (16h)	Annual Consumption
MBP Standard	283 W	4.53 kWh	1,654 kWh
LBP Freezing	198 W	3.17 kWh	1,157 kWh
HBP Light Cooling	400 W	6.4 kWh	2,336 kWh

Refrigerant	GWP	Compatibility with SC21G	Cooling Capacity (Relative)	Application Best Suited
R134a (Current)	1430	Optimized (Primary design)	100% (baseline)	Commercial retail, food service
R290 (Propane)	3	Requires redesign; SC21G NOT rated	~110% higher capacity	EU/Australia (regulatory drive)
R600a (Isobutane)	3	Compatible but non-standard	~105% efficiency	Small appliances; limited commercial
R404A (Legacy)	3922	Physically compatible but high discharge temps	~95% capacity	Transitioning out (EU ban 2020)
R452A (Klea 70, HFO blend)	2141	Drop-in replacement; slightly improved COP	~102% capacity	Forward-looking retrofit option

Standard	Description	Relevance
EN 60335-2-34	Safety of household and similar electrical appliances – Part 2-34: Refrigerating appliances	Mandatory EU market entry
ISO 5149	Mechanical refrigerating systems – Safety and environmental requirements	System design criteria
CCC (China)	China Compulsory Certification	Required for Chinese market sales
VDE (Germany)	Verband der Elektrotechnik (German electrical safety)	Premium European certification
AHRI (USA)	Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute	North American compatibility data
Directive 2006/42/EC	Machinery Directive (CE Marking)	Operational safety in industrial settings

Interval	Task	Benefit
Monthly	Visual inspection for leaks; listen for unusual noise	Catches emerging problems early
Quarterly (Every 3 months)	Check suction/discharge pressures; verify thermostat calibration	Maintains optimal efficiency
Bi-Annually (Every 6 months)	Clean condenser coils; inspect electrical connections; verify capacitor condition	Prevents overheating; extends compressor life
Annually	Professional service: oil analysis; refrigerant charge verification; system evacuation if needed	Detects oil degradation; ensures proper charge
Every 2-3 Years	Oil change; replacement of desiccant filter; inspection of thermal overload relay	Critical for POE oil systems; prevents sludge formation

Samsung MSE4A1Q‑L1G AK1, hermetic reciprocating refrigerator compressor

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-10Updated: 2026-01-11

The Samsung MSE4A1Q‑L1G AK1 is a hermetic reciprocating refrigerator compressor designed for domestic LBP applications with R600a refrigerant and a nominal cooling capacity around 175–180 W at ASHRAE conditions, equivalent to roughly 1/4 hp. Engineers…

Parameter	Value
Brand	Samsung hermetic compressor
Model marking	MSE4A1Q‑L1G AK1 (also written MSE4A1QL1G/AK1)
Application	LBP household refrigerator/freezer, R600a
Refrigerant	R600a (isobutane), flammable A3
Voltage / frequency	220‑240 V, 50 Hz, single‑phase
Motor type	RSCR (resistance‑start, capacitor‑run)
Cooling capacity (ASHRAE ST)	≈175–203 W, about 695 BTU/h
Input power	≈118 W at rated conditions
Efficiency	COP around 1.49 W/W at ASHRAE standard
LRA (locked‑rotor current)	3.8 A shown on nameplate
Refrigerant charge type	Factory designed for R600a only
Country of manufacture	Korea (typical for this series)

Model	Approx. cooling W (ASHRAE ST)	Input W	COP W/W	Approx. hp	Typical use
MSE4A0Q‑L1G	162–188 W	≈107 W	≈1.51	≈1/5–1/4 hp	Small to medium fridge
MSE4A1Q‑L1G	175–203 W	≈118 W	≈1.49	≈1/4 hp	Medium refrigerator, high‑efficiency
MSE4A2Q‑L1H	192–223 W	≈127 W	≈1.51	≈1/4+ hp	Larger fridge or combi

Carrier Inverter AC Error Codes, Indoor and Outdoor Protection

Category: Air ConditionerPublished: 2026-01-10Updated: 2026-01-11

Carrier inverter air conditioners use detailed error codes to protect the compressor, sensors, and inverter electronics. Codes such as E0, F0, P0, and P6 reveal EEPROM faults, outdoor AC current problems, IPM module errors, and…

Indoor code	Typical description	Technical meaning
E0	Indoor unit EEPROM parameter error	Configuration data in indoor PCB memory cannot be read or is corrupted.
E2	Indoor/outdoor units communication error	Serial data between indoor and outdoor boards lost or unstable.
E4	Indoor room or coil temp sensor error	Temperature sensor open/short, usually T1 or similar designation.
E5	Evaporator coil temperature sensor error	T2 thermistor fault, affecting frost and overheat protection.
EC	Refrigerant leakage detected	Control logic detects abnormal combination of coil temperatures and runtime.
P9	Cooling indoor unit anti‑freezing protection	Evaporator temperature too low; system reduces or stops cooling.

Code	Short description	Engineering interpretation
F1	Outdoor ambient temperature sensor open/short	T4 thermistor fault; affects capacity and defrost logic.
F2	Condenser coil temperature sensor open/short	T3 sensor error; risks loss of condensing control.
F3	Compressor discharge temp sensor open/short	T5 failure; system cannot monitor discharge superheat.
F4	Outdoor EEPROM parameter error	PCB memory error in outdoor unit.
F5	Outdoor DC fan motor fault / speed out of control	DC fan not reaching commanded speed; bearing, driver, or wiring issue.
F6	Compressor suction temperature sensor fault	Suction line thermistor reading abnormal values.
F0	Outdoor AC current protection	Abnormal outdoor current over‑high or over‑low; system enters protection mode.
L1 / L2	Drive bus voltage over‑high / over‑low protection	DC bus outside limits, often due to mains issues or rectifier problems.
P0	IPM module fault	Intelligent Power Module over‑current or internal failure; compressor speed control compromised.
P2	Compressor shell temperature overheat protection	Excessive body temperature at compressor top sensor.
P4	Inverter compressor drive error	Drive IC or gate‑signal abnormal; may follow IPM or wiring problems.
P5	Compressor phase current or mode conflict	Phase current protection or logic conflict in operating mode selection.
P6	Outdoor DC voltage over‑high/over‑low or IPM protection	DC bus or IPM voltage feedback outside safe range.
P7	IPM temperature overheat protection	Inverter module overheating due to high load or blocked airflow.
P8	Compressor discharge temperature overheat protection	Discharge sensor indicates over‑temperature; often linked to poor condenser airflow or charge issues.
PU / PE / PC / PH	Coil or ambient overheat / over‑low protections depending on model	Protection of indoor or outdoor coil and ambient sensors during extreme conditions.

Feature	Carrier inverter codes	LG inverter codes
EEPROM / memory	E0 indoor / outdoor EEPROM malfunction.	9, 60: indoor/outdoor PCB EPROM errors.
Communication	E2 indoor‑outdoor comms error.	5, 53: indoor‑outdoor communication errors.
IPM / inverter	P0 IPM malfunction, P6 voltage protection, P7 IPM overheat.	21, 22, 27: IPM and current faults, 61–62 heatsink overheat.
Current protection	F0 outdoor AC current, P5 phase current, F0 manuals describe overload diagnosis.	C6, C7, 29: compressor over‑current and phase errors.

Coil Rewinding, Universal Motor, 550 W

Category: Global ElectricPublished: 2026-01-10Updated: 2026-01-10

Coil rewinding for a 550‑watt universal mixer‑grinder motor with a 48 mm core is more than just replacing burnt copper. The technician must reproduce the original 210+80 turn field coils with SWG 25 wire, respect…

Parameter	Typical value for this motor	Engineering note
Core size	48 mm stack height	Determines space for copper and magnetic flux path.
Output rating	550 watts (universal motor)	Suited for mixer grinders and similar appliances.
Wire gauge	SWG 25 enamel copper	Compromise between current capacity and slot fill.
Turns per field	210 turns main + 80 turns auxiliary	Adjusts flux for multi‑speed operation.
Supply type	AC mains with commutator brushes	Universal design allows AC or DC use.

Speed position	Active field turns	Typical connection logic
High speed	Mainly 210‑turn sections between carbon brushes and common	Lower effective field flux, higher speed but less torque per amp.
Medium speed	210 + 80 turns in series on each side	Higher flux than high speed, moderate speed and torque.
Low speed	Emphasis on 80‑turn sections combined to increase net turns and resistance	Highest field flux, lower speed but stronger load handling and softer start.

Aspect	Universal motor (mixer grinder)	Three‑phase induction motor
Core type	Laminated stator with salient poles and series field coils.	Slotted stator with distributed three‑phase windings.
Windings to rewind	Field coils and armature coils with commutator segments.	Only stator coils in most cases; rotor is squirrel cage.
Turns & gauge	Often high turns with relatively fine wire (e.g., SWG 25), tailored for high speed.	Fewer turns of thicker conductors sized for phase current and duty cycle.
Speed control	By field taps, series/parallel connections, or electronic control.	By supply frequency and pole number; rewinding changes pole count or voltage.

LG Inverter AC Error Codes: Indoor and Outdoor Unit Professional Guide

Category: Air ConditionerPublished: 2026-01-10Updated: 2026-01-10

LG inverter air conditioner error codes give technicians a precise window into what is happening inside both indoor and outdoor units. From simple room temperature sensor faults to complex IPM and DC peak alarms, decoding…

Indoor error code	Description (short)	Engineering meaning / typical cause
1	Room temperature sensor error	Thermistor out of range, open/short circuit near return air sensor.
2	Inlet pipe sensor error	Coil sensor not reading evaporator temperature correctly; wiring or sensor fault.
3	Wired remote control error	Loss of signal or wiring problem between controller and indoor PCB.
4	Float switch error	Condensate level high or float switch open, often due to blocked drain pan.
5	Communication error IDU–ODU	Data link failure between indoor and outdoor boards.
6	Outlet pipe sensor error	Discharge side coil sensor faulty; risk of coil icing or overheating.
9	EEPROM error	Indoor PCB memory failure; configuration data cannot be read reliably.
10	BLDC fan motor lock	Indoor fan blocked, seized bearings, or motor/driver fault.
12	Middle pipe sensor error	Additional coil sensor abnormal, often in multi‑row or multi‑circuit coils.

Outdoor error code	Description (short)	Technical interpretation
21	DC Peak (IPM fault)	Instant over‑current in inverter module; possible shorted compressor or IPM PCB failure.
22	CT2 (Max CT)	AC input current too high; overload, locked compressor, or wiring issue.
23	DC link low voltage	DC bus below threshold, often due to low supply voltage or rectifier problem.
26	DC compressor position error	Inverter cannot detect rotor position or rotation; motor or sensor issue.
27	PSC fault	Abnormal current between AC/DC converter and compressor circuit; protection trip.
29	Compressor phase over current	Excessive compressor amperage, mechanical tightness or refrigerant over‑load.
32	Inverter compressor discharge pipe overheat	Too‑high discharge temperature; blocked condenser, overcharge, or low airflow.
40	CT sensor error	Current sensor (CT) thermistor open/short; feedback to PCB missing.
41	Discharge pipe sensor error	D‑pipe thermistor failure; system loses critical superheat/overheat feedback.
42	Low pressure sensor error	Suction or LP switch malfunction or low refrigerant scenario.
43	High pressure sensor error	HP switch trip from blocked condenser, fan fault, or overcharge.
44	Outdoor air sensor error	Ambient thermistor failure; affects defrost and capacity control.
45	Condenser middle pipe sensor error	Coil mid‑point sensor fault; can disturb defrost and condensing control.
46	Suction pipe sensor error	Suction thermistor open/short; impacts evaporator protection logic.
51	Excess capacity / mismatch	Indoor–outdoor capacity mismatch or wrong combination in multi‑systems.
53	Communication error	Outdoor to indoor comms failure; wiring, polarity, or surge damage.
61	Condenser coil temperature high	Overheating outdoor coil; airflow or refrigerant problem.
62	Heat‑sink sensor temp high	Inverter PCB heat sink over temperature; fan or thermal grease issue.
67	BLDC motor fan lock	Outdoor fan blocked, iced, or motor defective; can quickly raise pressure.
72	Four‑way valve transfer failure	Reversing valve not changing position; coil or slide inefficiency.
93	Communication error (advanced)	Additional protocols or cascade communication problem depending on model.

Feature	Conventional on/off split	LG inverter split
Compressor control	Fixed‑speed relay or contactor	Variable‑speed BLDC with IPM inverter stage.
Error detail	Limited (HP/LP, basic sensor)	Full DC bus, IPM, position, and communication diagnostics.
Protection behavior	Hard stop, manual reset	Automatic trials, soft restart, and logged protection history in many models.

HVAC Basics: Compressors, Ducts, Filters, and Real‑World Applications

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-10Updated: 2026-01-10

HVAC basics start with understanding how compressors, ducts, and filters work together to move heat and clean air in any building. From reciprocating and scroll compressors to rectangular and circular ducts, each choice affects comfort,…

Compressor type	Working principle	Typical applications	Key advantages
Reciprocating compressor	Piston moves back and forth in a cylinder, compressing refrigerant in stages.	Small cold rooms, domestic refrigeration, light commercial AC	Simple design, good for high pressure ratios
Scroll compressor	Two spiral scrolls; one fixed, one orbiting, progressively traps and compresses gas.	Residential and light commercial split AC, heat pumps	Quiet, high efficiency, fewer moving parts
Screw compressor	Two interlocking helical rotors rotate in opposite directions, trapping and compressing gas.	Large chillers, industrial refrigeration, process cooling	Continuous operation, stable capacity control
Centrifugal compressor	High‑speed impeller accelerates refrigerant, then diffuser converts velocity to pressure.	Large district cooling plants, high‑rise buildings, industrial HVAC	Very high flow, good efficiency at large capacities

Duct type	Shape	Typical use	Performance notes
Rectangular duct	Flat, four‑sided	Commercial buildings, retrofits with space constraints	Easy to install above ceilings; needs good sealing to reduce leakage
Circular duct	Round cross‑section	Industrial plants, high‑velocity systems, long runs	Lower friction losses and leakage for the same air volume vs rectangular.
Oval duct	Flattened circle	Modern offices, tight ceiling spaces	Compromise between rectangular space efficiency and circular aerodynamics

Filter type	Function	Typical efficiency & classification	Main applications
Pre‑filter	Captures coarse dust and fibers, acts as first protection.	G2–G4 or M5 range in EN/ISO standards	Central AC units, fan‑coil units, rooftop units
Fine filter	Removes smaller particles, improves indoor air quality.	F7–F9 or ePM1/ePM2.5 classes	Offices, malls, schools, clean industrial spaces
HEPA filter	High‑efficiency particle air filtration down to 0.3 µm.	H10–H14, up to >99.995% efficiency	Cleanrooms, hospitals, pharma, high‑tech manufacturing

Application type	Typical system configuration	Special design focus
Residential buildings	Split AC or heat pumps, ducted or ductless; small boilers or furnaces.	Comfort, low noise, simple controls, easy maintenance
Commercial buildings	Central AHUs with duct networks, rooftop units, chillers with air or water‑cooled condensers.	Energy efficiency, zoning, demand‑controlled ventilation
Industrial plants	Process chillers, large air handlers, dedicated exhaust and makeup air systems.	Process reliability, temperature/humidity control, safety
Data centers	Precision cooling, CRAH/CRAC units, containment and raised floors.	Continuous operation, redundancy, exact thermal management

Brass Male Flare Union Fittings for Refrigeration and HVAC Systems

Category: MbsmproPublished: 2026-01-10Updated: 2026-01-10

Brass male flare union fittings are essential components in refrigeration and HVAC systems, providing reliable mechanical connections between flared copper tubes without the need for brazing. These brass flare unions support a wide operating temperature…

Fitting type	Assembly method	Typical use in HVAC/R	Reusability	Need for flame
Brass male flare union	Flare and tighten nut	Join two flared copper tubes or extend lines	High	No
Solder/brazed coupling	Heat and filler metal	Permanent joints in copper liquid/suction lines	Low	Yes
Compression fitting	Ferrule compression	Water lines and some low‑pressure services	Medium	No
Flare‑to‑pipe adapter	Flare + NPT/BSP thread	Transition between flared tubing and threaded components	High	No

Electrical unit conversion reference table: HP to watts, KVA to amps, tons refrigeration to kW

Category: Global ElectricPublished: 2026-01-09Updated: 2026-01-09

Electrical unit conversions are essential knowledge for HVAC technicians and refrigeration engineers. This comprehensive reference guide provides quick access to conversion formulas, technical specifications, and practical examples for comparing power ratings, calculating system requirements, and…

Unit	Definition	Primary Use
1 HP	745.7 watts (mechanical) or 746 watts (electrical)	Older equipment, machinery, motors
1 Watt	1 joule per second	Electrical appliances, modern equipment
1 Kilowatt (kW)	1,000 watts	Commercial HVAC systems
1 Megawatt (MW)	1,000,000 watts	Industrial facilities

Horsepower	Watts	Kilowatts	Common Application
0.5 HP	373 W	0.373 kW	Residential AC units, small pumps
1 HP	746 W	0.746 kW	Compressor motors, medium capacity units
1.5 HP	1,119 W	1.119 kW	Commercial cooling systems
2 HP	1,492 W	1.492 kW	Industrial refrigeration
3 HP	2,238 W	2.238 kW	Large commercial systems
5 HP	3,730 W	3.730 kW	Heavy-duty industrial applications

Voltage	Power Factor	Watts to Amps Conversion
120V, Single Phase	0.8-0.95	A = W ÷ (120 × PF)
240V, Single Phase	0.8-0.95	A = W ÷ (240 × PF)
380V, Three Phase	0.8-0.95	A = W ÷ (380 × 1.732 × PF)
400V, Three Phase	0.8-0.95	A = W ÷ (400 × 1.732 × PF)

System Rating	Voltage	Phase	Power Factor	Amperage
240W @ 240V	240V	Single	1.0	1.0 A
1000W @ 240V	240V	Single	1.0	4.17 A
3000W @ 380V	380V	Three	0.85	5.4 A
5000W @ 400V	400V	Three	0.9	8.0 A

kVA Rating	System	Voltage	Amperage
1 kVA	Single Phase	240V	4.17 A
1.74 kVA	Single Phase	240V	7.25 A
1.391 kVA	Three Phase	240V (line-to-line)	3.35 A
1 kVA	Three Phase	415V (line-to-line)	1.4 A

Tons (TR)	Kilowatts (kW)	Watts	BTU/hour	Common Application
0.5 TR	1.758 kW	1,758 W	6,000 BTU	Residential window units
1 TR	3.517 kW	3,517 W	12,000 BTU	Small residential AC
1.5 TR	5.276 kW	5,276 W	18,000 BTU	Medium residential unit
2 TR	7.034 kW	7,034 W	24,000 BTU	Large residential or small commercial
3 TR	10.551 kW	10,551 W	36,000 BTU	Commercial HVAC
5 TR	17.585 kW	17,585 W	60,000 BTU	Industrial cooling
10 TR	35.170 kW	35,170 W	120,000 BTU	Large industrial systems

Unit	Value in Ohms	Typical Application
1 Ohm (Ω)	1 Ω	Wire resistance, heating elements
1 Kilohm (kΩ)	1,000 Ω	Thermostats, control circuits
1 Megohm (MΩ)	1,000,000 Ω	Insulation testing, motor windings
1 Gigaohm (GΩ)	1,000,000,000 Ω	High-voltage insulation, safety testing

Measurement	Ohms	Kiloohms	Context
Compressor winding	0.5-2 Ω	0.0005-0.002 kΩ	Low resistance—normal condition
Grounded winding	10-100 Ω	0.01-0.1 kΩ	Developing fault—needs attention
Open circuit winding	∞ Ω	∞ kΩ	Complete failure—replace motor
Insulation (healthy)	>100 MΩ	—	Proper isolation—safe to work
Insulation (compromised)	<1 MΩ	—	Moisture damage—needs maintenance

HP	Watts	kW	kVA (PF=0.8)	kVA (PF=0.9)	Refrigeration Tons
0.5	373	0.373	0.466	0.415	0.106
1	746	0.746	0.933	0.829	0.212
1.5	1,119	1.119	1.399	1.243	0.318
2	1,492	1.492	1.865	1.658	0.424
3	2,238	2.238	2.798	2.487	0.636
5	3,730	3.730	4.663	4.145	1.060

Region	Preferred Units	Voltage Standards	Frequency
United States	HP, Watts, Tons, 240V/480V	120V/240V (residential)	60 Hz
European Union	kW, Watts, Metric Tonnes, 380V/400V	230V/400V standard	50 Hz
Asia-Pacific	Mixed (HP and kW), 380V/415V	Varies by country	50 Hz typical
Middle East/Africa	Increasingly metric (kW), 380V/400V	230V/380V common	50 Hz

Mitsubishi Ashiki MUY-JX22VF electrical technical data interpretation

Category: Air ConditionerPublished: 2026-01-09Updated: 2026-01-09

Master the skill of reading AC nameplate specifications with this comprehensive technical guide. Learn to decode model numbers, interpret voltage and amperage ratings, identify refrigerant types, calculate cooling capacity, determine tonnage, and understand all electrical…

Location	Visual Characteristics	Access Level
Side panel	Usually right-facing side	Easy access, outdoor
Top access panel	Cover may require removal	Moderate access
Compressor side	Bolted directly to unit	Professional access
Condenser frame	Mounted on metal housing	Visual inspection

Material Type	Durability	Readability	Weather Resistance
Aluminum/Metal plate	Excellent	Excellent	Very high
Plastic label	Good	Good	Moderate
Adhesive sticker	Fair	Good initially	Can fade/peel
Engraved metal	Excellent	Excellent	Permanent

Segment	Code	Meaning	Technical Interpretation
Manufacturer	MUY	Mitsubishi outdoor unit	Japanese manufacturer identifier
Series	JX	Inverter DC technology	Variable-speed compressor operation
Capacity	22	22 ÷ 12 = 1.83 tons (1.9 ton)	Cooling capacity 22,800 BTU/hr
Variant	VF	Indoor configuration	Specific indoor unit pairing

Model Code Number	Divided by 12	Tonnage	BTU/Hour	Kilowatts
09	÷ 12	0.75	9,000	2.6 kW
12	÷ 12	1.0	12,000	3.5 kW
18	÷ 12	1.5	18,000	5.3 kW
22	÷ 12	1.83 (1.9)	22,800	6.6 kW
24	÷ 12	2.0	24,000	7.0 kW
30	÷ 12	2.5	30,000	8.8 kW
36	÷ 12	3.0	36,000	10.5 kW
42	÷ 12	3.5	42,000	12.3 kW
48	÷ 12	4.0	48,000	14.0 kW
60	÷ 12	5.0	60,000	17.6 kW

Series Code	Technology Type	Compressor Style	Energy Efficiency	Cost
JX	DC Inverter (Mitsubishi)	Variable-speed	High (4.0+)	Premium
GE	Standard Inverter	Variable-speed	Moderate (3.5-3.9)	Moderate
JS	Basic Inverter	Fixed-stage	Low (3.0-3.4)	Low-Moderate
Non-letter	Non-inverter	Fixed-speed	Very Low	Lowest

Specification	Value	Importance	Requirement
Voltage (V)	230V ± 10%	Power supply requirement	Must match exactly
Phase	Single phase (1Ph)	Electrical configuration	Determines circuit type
Frequency (Hz)	50 Hz	AC cycle rate	Region-specific (50 Hz = Asia/Europe)

Voltage Type	Actual Voltage	Safe Operation	Risk Level
Minimum safe	207V	Yes	Acceptable
Nominal	230V	Yes	Optimal
Maximum safe	253V	Yes	Acceptable
Below minimum	<207V	No	Compressor damage
Above maximum	>253V	No	Component burnout

Frequency	Regions	Compressor Speed	Incompatibility
50 Hz	Europe, Asia, Middle East, Africa	3,000 RPM (no load)	Cannot use in 60 Hz regions
60 Hz	North America, South America, Japan	3,600 RPM (no load)	Cannot use in 50 Hz regions

Rating Type	Abbreviation	Value (typical 1.9-ton)	Meaning	Used For
Rated Load Amps	RLA	9.0-9.2 A	Manufacturer’s design current	Breaker sizing
Locked Rotor Amps	LRA	28-35 A	Startup current (compressor locked)	Equipment protection
Minimum Circuit Ampacity	MCA	11.0 A	Minimum wire size required	Electrical installation

Operating Condition	Expected Current	Explanation
Startup (compressor kick-in)	20-35A (LRA range)	Locked rotor startup spike
Acceleration phase	12-18A	Motor speeding up
Full load operation	8-10A (RLA)	Steady-state cooling
Part-load operation	4-7A	Reduced speed (inverter)
Idle/standby	0.1-0.3A	Minimal draw, electronics only

Refrigerant	Notation	Characteristics	Global Warming Potential
R32	HFC (or R32 directly)	Modern, efficient	675 GWP
R410A	HFC Blend	Previous standard	2,088 GWP
R134A	HFC	Older technology	1,430 GWP
R22	HCFC	Phased out (CFC)	1,810 GWP (obsolete)

Information	Value	Purpose	Importance
Refrigerant type	R32	Identifies chemical	Must match exactly for refill
Charge amount	0.89 kg	Factory-filled quantity	Reference for maintenance
Charge weight	In pounds + ounces	Alternative measurement	Used in some regions

Pressure Specification	Metric	Meaning
High-side (discharge)	2.8-3.2 MPa	Compressor outlet pressure
Low-side (suction)	0.4-0.6 MPa	Evaporator inlet pressure
Design pressure	4.5 MPa	Maximum safe operating pressure

Format	Unit	Example (1.9-ton)	Conversion
British Thermal Units	BTU/hr	22,800	Standard US measurement
Kilowatts	kW	6.6-6.8	Metric measurement
Tons of refrigeration	Tons	1.9	Industry standard (1 ton = 12,000 BTU)

Capacity Range	Value (1.9-ton)	When This Occurs
Minimum capacity	1,600-2,000W (5,500-6,800 BTU)	Part-load, idle operation
Rated capacity	6,600W (22,800 BTU)	Full-load cooling
Maximum capacity	6,700W (22,900 BTU)	Turbo/high-speed mode

Room Size	Square Feet	1.9-Ton Adequacy	Notes
Very small	100-150	Oversized	Excessive capacity
Small bedroom	150-190	Optimal	Perfect match
Large bedroom	190-250	Excellent	Maximum efficiency
Small living room	250-300	Marginal	May cycle frequently
Large living room	300+	Undersized	Insufficient cooling

Protection Type	Size	Purpose	Installation
Recommended fuse	15A	Basic protection	Older installations
Breaker size	20A	Modern standard	Current best practice
Maximum allowed	25A	Safety limit	If larger, risk damage

Pressure Type	Specification	Purpose	Monitoring
Design pressure	High: 4.5 MPa	Maximum safe limit	Professional gauge required
Test pressure	Per nameplate	Factory testing standard	Service technician check
Operating pressure	Varies by temp	Normal running conditions	Should be within range

Operating Mode	Noise Level	Equivalent	Perception
Silent mode	27 dB(A)	Whisper	Library quiet
Low speed	32 dB(A)	Quiet conversation	Very quiet
Medium speed	40 dB(A)	Normal conversation	Quiet
High speed	45 dB(A)	Busy office	Acceptable
Maximum/turbo	51 dB(A)	Moderate traffic	Noticeable

COP Value	Efficiency Level	Typical Unit Type
<2.5	Poor	Older non-inverter
2.5-3.0	Fair	Budget non-inverter
3.0-3.5	Good	Standard inverter
3.5-4.0	Excellent	Premium inverter
>4.0	Outstanding	High-efficiency inverter

SEER/ISEER	Efficiency	Energy Bills	Star Rating
<3.5	Poor	High	⭐
3.5-4.0	Fair	Moderate-High	⭐⭐
4.0-4.5	Good	Moderate	⭐⭐⭐
4.5-5.2	Excellent	Low	⭐⭐⭐⭐
>5.2	Outstanding	Very Low	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Check Point	Action	What to Verify	Critical Issue
1. Location	Find nameplate visually	Readable, not corroded	Cannot proceed without
2. Model	Record model number	Matches unit purchased	Wrong model = wrong parts
3. Voltage	Check power supply	Matches 230V requirement	Voltage mismatch = burnout
4. Frequency	Verify 50 Hz (Asia) vs 60 Hz	Correct region specification	Wrong Hz = compressor failure
5. Refrigerant	Identify R32, R410A, etc.	Required for recharging	Wrong refrigerant = damage
6. Charge amount	Note 0.89 kg specification	Reference for low charge diagnosis	Low charge = inefficiency
7. RLA current	Compare to actual draw	Should match 9-9.2A	High current = problems
8. Pressure limits	Note 4.5 MPa design pressure	Reference for pressure gauge testing	Over-pressure = safety risk

Error	Result	Prevention
Confusing RLA with LRA	Undersizing equipment protection	Understand RLA is steady-state
Wrong refrigerant refill	Chemical incompatibility	Always match nameplate exactly
Ignoring voltage tolerance	Electrical damage	Verify supply ±10% range
Missing frequency info (50 vs 60 Hz)	Non-functional unit	Check region before install
Dirt/corroded nameplate	Cannot read specifications	Clean gently with soft cloth
Confusing tonnage with weight	Incorrect system sizing	Remember: tonnage = cooling capacity

Required Information	Purpose	Verification
Manufacturer name	Identification	Mitsubishi Electric
Model number	Equipment specification	MUY-JX22VF
Rated cooling capacity	Performance specification	6,600W
Voltage/frequency/phase	Electrical safety	230V/50Hz/1Ph
Refrigerant type & charge	Environmental/safety	R32, 0.89 kg
Rated input power	Efficiency tracking	2,050W
Nameplate current	Electrical safety	9.0-9.2A

Specification	Inverter	Non-Inverter	Advantage
RLA current	9.0A	11.5A	Inverter uses less power
LRA current	15-18A	28-32A	Inverter has softer startup
Input power range	340-2,200W	Fixed ~2,100W	Inverter flexible
Capacity range	Variable range	Fixed single speed	Inverter more efficient
COP specification	3.22 (excellent)	2.8 (fair)	Inverter wins

Specification	Requirement	Safety Risk if Ignored
Voltage: 230V	±10% tolerance (207-253V)	Over/under-voltage damage
Frequency: 50Hz	Exact match required	Compressor failure
Phase: Single	Not three-phase	Motor burnout
Circuit breaker: 20A	Dedicated circuit only	Nuisance tripping
Wire gauge: 11A MCA	Copper wire minimum	Overheating/fire risk
Ground connection	Mandatory	Electrocution hazard

ORIENT Inverter AC Error Codes

Category: Air ConditionerPublished: 2026-01-09Updated: 2026-01-12

Discover comprehensive troubleshooting for ORIENT inverter AC systems. This complete error code guide covers E-series, F-series, P-series, and L-series fault codes with detailed solutions for sensor issues, communication failures, compressor problems, and electrical protection systems…

Category	Code Range	System Impact	Severity
E-Series Errors	E1–Eb	Indoor unit issues, sensors, communication	Moderate to High
F-Series Errors	F0–F9	Outdoor unit faults, compressor, protection	High
P & L-Series Errors	P0–P9, L0–L3	Electrical protection, module faults	Critical

Check Point	Action	Expected Result
Motor power connection	Test voltage at motor terminals	Should show 12V or 24V DC
Feedback sensor	Verify sensor optical alignment	Green LED indication present
Motor bearing condition	Rotate fan blade manually	Should turn freely without grinding
Wiring harness	Visual inspection	No cuts, corrosion, or loose connections

Cause	Probability	Fix
Damaged communication cable	60%	Replace multi-conductor cable
Faulty PCB communication module	25%	Repair or replace PCB
Corroded connector pins	10%	Clean with isopropyl alcohol
Burnt fuse in circuit	5%	Replace fuse with matching amperage

Symptom	Probable Cause	Action
Compressor silent on power-up	Low refrigerant, faulty relay	Check refrigerant level, test relay coil
High amp draw	Compressor seizure or short	Replace compressor
Intermittent operation	Thermal overload protection cycling	Wait 30 minutes, verify ventilation
Current feedback error	Faulty current sensing	Recalibrate or replace sensor

Code	Protection Type	Action	User Impact
P2	High voltage protection (>264V)	Compressor shuts down	No cooling, blower may run
P3	Lack of fluid protection (low refrigerant)	Compressor stops	Inadequate cooling
P4	Outdoor coil overload protection	Reduces capacity	Reduced cooling output
P5	Exhaust protection (discharge temp high)	Compressor cycles on/off	Intermittent operation
P6	High temperature protection	Reduces compressor speed	Slower cooling
P7	Anti-freezing protection (evaporator ice)	Activates defrost cycle	Temporary heating instead of cooling
P8	Outdoor panel communication error	Reduces operation	Limited functionality
P9	Display & control board communication failure	System resets	Remote control unresponsive

Code	Fault Type	Solution
L0	Module under-voltage fault	Check 24V/12V power supply to module
L1	Phase current over-current protection	Verify current sensor functionality
L2	Compressor out of step fault	Synchronization failure; reset or replace PCB
L3	Compressor lacks oil/failure	Check oil level; possible compressor replacement

Code	Fault Description	System Area	Severity	Typical Repair Cost
E1	Room temperature sensor	Indoor unit	Medium	Low ($50-100)
E2	Outdoor coil temperature sensor	Outdoor unit	Medium	Low ($50-100)
E3	Indoor coil temperature sensor	Indoor unit	Medium	Low ($50-100)
E4	Motor feedback fault	Indoor fan	High	Medium ($100-200)
E5	Communication error	PCB & Wiring	High	High ($200-400)
E6	Sliding door fault	Cabinet	Low	Low ($50-150)
E8	Display-PCB communication	Control board	High	High ($300-500)
E9	Humidity sensor failure	Sensor	Low	Low ($50-100)
EA	Fan zero-crossing detection	Motor control	High	Medium ($150-300)
Eb	EEPROM fault	Memory chip	High	High ($200-400)
F0	Outdoor fan motor fault	Condenser fan	High	Medium ($150-300)
F1	IPM module fault	Power electronics	Critical	Very High ($400-700)
F2	PFC module fault	Power correction	High	High ($300-500)
F3	Compressor operation fault	Compressor	Critical	Very High ($800-1500)
F4	Discharge temperature sensor	Sensor	High	Low ($100-150)
F5	Compressor overtemp protection	Compressor	Medium	Medium ($200-300)
F6	Outdoor temperature sensor	Sensor	Medium	Low ($50-100)
F7	Over/under voltage protection	Power supply	High	Medium ($100-300)
F8	Outdoor module communication	PCB	High	High ($250-450)
F9	Outdoor EEPROM fault	Memory chip	High	High ($250-450)
FA	Suction temperature sensor	Sensor	High	Low ($100-150)
Fb	Indoor DC motor fault	Motor	High	Medium ($200-350)
FC	4-way valve fault	Heat pump	High	High ($300-500)
Fd	Fan zero-crossing fault	Motor control	High	Medium ($150-300)

Area	Check Points	Red Flags
Connectors	All plugs fully seated	Green corrosion, loose connection
Cables	No cuts, proper routing	Exposed wires, melted insulation
Sensors	Clean, dry	Dust accumulation, moisture
PCB	No burn marks, components intact	Burnt capacitors, component lifting
Refrigerant Lines	No kinks or crimping	Oil staining, ice formation

Task	Frequency	Benefit
Clean outdoor coil	Quarterly	Prevents F5, P6 errors
Replace air filters	Monthly	Avoids E1, E3, P7 errors
Check condenser fan	Quarterly	Prevents F0 error
Inspect connections	Annually	Prevents E5, F8 communication errors
Professional service	Annually	Comprehensive diagnostics, oil check
Clear debris from outdoor unit	Monthly	Improves heat rejection
Verify thermostat settings	Seasonally	Prevents unnecessary cycling

Feature	ORIENT	Competitor A	Competitor B
Temperature sensor accuracy	±0.5°C	±1.0°C	±0.8°C
Sensor response time	2-3 seconds	3-4 seconds	2.5 seconds
Communication protocol	Proprietary	Standard RS-485	CAN bus
PCB self-diagnostics	Comprehensive (30+ codes)	Limited (15 codes)	Standard (22 codes)
EEPROM memory capacity	64KB	32KB	64KB
Estimated sensor lifespan	8-10 years	6-8 years	7-9 years

Scenario	Unit Age	Repair Cost	Decision
Single sensor failure	3-5 years	$100-200	REPAIR
Communication error	4-6 years	$200-400	REPAIR
Fan motor fault	2-4 years	$150-300	REPAIR
Temperature sensor	Any age	<$150	ALWAYS REPAIR

Scenario	Unit Age	Repair Cost	Decision
Compressor failure	>8 years	$800-1500	CONSIDER REPLACEMENT
IPM module failure	>10 years	$500-800	LIKELY REPLACEMENT
Multiple errors (E5 + Eb)	>7 years	$400-800 total	EVALUATE REPLACEMENT
PCB failure + high age	>10 years	$300-600	REPLACEMENT PREFERABLE

Sensor Type	Normal Range	Resistance Value	Voltage Output
Room temperature (E1)	16-32°C	10-50 kΩ	0.5-4.5V
Coil temperature (E2, E3)	-10 to 60°C	5-100 kΩ	0.1-4.9V
Discharge temp (F4)	40-80°C	2-20 kΩ	1.0-4.8V
Ambient temp (F6)	-10 to 50°C	5-100 kΩ	0.5-4.5V

Parameter	Normal Range	Warning	Critical
Discharge temperature	60-80°C	>85°C	>100°C
Suction temperature	5-15°C	<0°C	<-20°C
Operating current (220V)	8-15A	>18A	>20A
Compressor speed	10-120 Hz	Varies by load	Limits protection

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