TECUMSEH, DAIKIN, MATSUSHITA, HITACHI & TOSHIBA MODELS

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-18Updated: 2026-01-18
Understanding refrigeration compressor specifications is essential for proper HVAC system selection and maintenance. This comprehensive guide covers five major compressor brands—Tecumseh, Daikin, Matsushita, Hitachi, and Toshiba—with detailed technical data on cooling capacity, displacement, voltage requirements,…
ModelPowerVoltageCooling CapacityWeightTemp. Range
AW5524E2.5 HP220V20,000 BTU20 kg−23°C to +13°C
AW5528EKGb2.5 HP220V20,000 BTU20 kg−23°C to +13°C
AW5532EXG3 HP220V25,500 BTU20 kg−23°C to +13°C
AW5532EXG3 HP380V26,500 BTU20 kg−23°C to +13°C
AW5535EXG3 HP380V25,700 BTU20 kg−23°C to +13°C
AV5538EXG4 HP380V27,300 BTU20 kg−23°C to +13°C
AV5561EXG5 HP380V29,500 BTU20 kg−23°C to +13°C
ModelTypePowerVoltageCooling CapacityCurrentDisplacement
JT90/220VScroll3 HP220V, 50Hz29,100 BTU16 A49.4 cc/rev
JT90/380VScroll3 HP380V, 50Hz29,200 BTU16 A49.4 cc/rev
JT95/220VScroll3 HP220V, 50Hz30,800 BTU16 A49.4 cc/rev
JT95/380VScroll3 HP380V, 50Hz31,400 BTU16 A49.4 cc/rev
JT125/220VScroll4 HP220V, 50Hz35,400 BTU16 A65.2 cc/rev
JT125/380VScroll4 HP380V, 50Hz40,600 BTU16 A65.2 cc/rev
Performance MetricReciprocatingScrollRotary
Volumetric Efficiency75–82%89–94%88–92%
COP at Nominal Load2.8–3.03.0–3.22.9–3.1
Discharge Temperature85–95°C65–75°C70–80°C
Noise Level (dB)78–8272–7573–78
Vibration IndexHighVery LowLow-Medium
Optimal Capacity Range15–25 kBTU8–35 kBTU8–24 kBTU
Part-Load EfficiencyModerateExcellentGood
Continuous OperationRequires coolingExcellentExcellent
ModelDisplacementCooling CapacityPowerVoltageAmperageWeight
2P14C74.5 cc/rev25,500 BTU220V40 A40 kg
2P17C92.6 cc/rev28,400 BTU220V40 A40 kg
2K22C130.0 cc/rev44,400 BTU220V40 A40 kg
2K32C177.4 cc/rev60,700 BTU220V40 A40 kg
2V36S209.5 cc/rev71,400 BTU220V30 A30 kg
2V42S245.7 cc/rev83,700 BTU220V30 A30 kg
2V47W285.0 cc/rev97,200 BTU220V30 A30 kg
ModelDisplacementCooling CapacityPowerVoltageAmperage
G53333.8 cc/rev9,036 BTU220V40 A
G53312,518 BTU (1 TON)220V40 A
ModelDisplacementCooling CapacityPowerVoltageAmperage
SH83351.8 cc/rev12,518 BTU (1 TON)220V40 A
SHY3341.7 cc/rev17,612 BTU220V40 A
SHW3335.6 cc/rev20,425 BTU220V30 A
SHX3333.6 cc/rev19,198 BTU220V30 A
SHV3341.7 cc/rev24,211 BTU220V30 A
SHU3327,689 BTU (2 TON)220V30 A
TonsApproximate BTU/hApproximate Watts
1 TON12,000 BTU3,517 W
1.5 TON18,000 BTU5,275 W
2 TON24,000 BTU7,033 W
2.5 TON30,000 BTU8,792 W
3 TON36,000 BTU10,550 W
ModelDisplacementCooling CapacityPowerVoltageAmperage
PH165X1C16.5 cc/rev15,828 BTU220V40 A
PH195X2C19.8 cc/rev19,558 BTU220V40 A
PH225X2C22.4 cc/rev21,348 BTU220V40 A
PH260X2C25.8 cc/rev26,688 BTU220V40 A
PH290X2C28.9 cc/rev29,372 BTU220V40 A
PH295X2C29.2 cc/rev29,688 BTU220V40 A
PH310X2C30.6 cc/rev31,488 BTU220V30 A
PH330X2C32.6 cc/rev33,088 BTU220V30 A
PH360X3C35.5 cc/rev36,192 BTU220V30 A
PH420X3C41.5 cc/rev42,816 BTU220V30 A
PH440X3C43.5 cc/rev44,448 BTU220V30 A
ModelDisplacementCooling CapacityPowerVoltageAmperage
2P514D51.4 cc/rev17,548 BTU220V40 A
2K5210D5109.0 cc/rev37,200 BTU220V40 A
2K5324D5180.0 cc/rev61,272 BTU220V40 A
2K5324D5180.0 cc/rev43,872 BTU220V40 A
2K5314D177.4 cc/rev60,192 BTU220V40 A
2J5350D209.5 cc/rev31,632 BTU220V30 A
2J5438D265.4 cc/rev45,360 BTU220V30 A
Cooling Capacity RangeMost Efficient TypeTypical COPComments
8,000–12,000 BTURotary3.0–3.1Rotary/scroll equivalent; rotary preferred if cost-effective
12,000–18,000 BTUScroll3.1–3.3Scroll begins efficiency advantage
18,000–24,000 BTUScroll3.2–3.4Scroll provides 5–8% higher COP than rotary
24,000–35,000 BTUScroll3.3–3.5Scroll optimal; rotary less suitable
Variable Load/IntermittentReciprocating2.8–3.0Piston preferred for duty-cycle tolerance
High-Reliability IndustrialReciprocating2.9–3.1Piston superior for extreme conditions
Compressor TypeRequired DisplacementModel SelectionVoltageWeight
Reciprocating~170 cc/revTecumseh AW5532EXG220V20 kg
Scroll~210 cc/revDaikin JT95220V
Rotary~230 cc/revToshiba PH290X2C220V
Evaporating RangeDesignationApplications
−30°C to −23°CLBP (Low Back Pressure)Deep freezing, blast freezing, frozen food storage
−23°C to −10°CMBP (Medium Back Pressure)Standard refrigeration, commercial freezers, ice cream display
−10°C to +5°CHBP (High Back Pressure)Fresh food storage, chiller cabinets, air conditioning
+5°C to +12°CXHBP (Extra High Back Pressure)Air conditioning, dehumidification, comfort cooling
Torque TypeMotor Current at StartupSuitable ApplicationsElectrical Requirement
LST3–5 × FLA (Full Load Amperage)Standard power-supplied facilities15–20 A circuit breaker minimum
HST5–8 × FLALow-voltage supply situations25–30 A circuit breaker minimum
AspectR22 (CFC)R407C (HFC Blend)R410A (HFC Blend)R290 (Propane)
Ozone DepletionHigh (0.055)ZeroZeroZero
GWP (Global Warming Potential)1,8101,7742,0883
Pressure (Condensing 54°C)19.2 bar20.8 bar28.6 bar18.1 bar
Molecular Weight120.9 g/mol86.2 g/mol72.0 g/mol44.1 g/mol
Density (Liquid 25°C)1.194 g/cm³1.065 g/cm³0.766 g/cm³0.58 g/cm³
Viscosity (Oil Compatibility)Mineral oilMineral/POE oilEster (POE) oilEster (POE) oil
Drop-in ReplacementReferenceLimited (capacity −5–10%)Not drop-inSafety concern
Compressor Type/ModelOil Charge VolumeOil TypePurpose
Tecumseh AW5532EXG1,100–1,300 mLMineral (ISO VG 32)Bearing/piston lubrication
Daikin JT90/JT951,800–2,100 mLMineral (ISO VG 32)Bearing/scroll pocket lubrication
Matsushita 2P17C2,200–2,400 mLMineral (ISO VG 32)Bearing/roller pocket lubrication
Hitachi SHY33/SHV331,600–1,900 mLMineral (ISO VG 32)Bearing/vane lubrication
Toshiba PH295X2C1,200–1,500 mLMineral (ISO VG 32)Bearing/roller pocket lubrication
Compressor TypeRated HoursEfficiency at 5,000 hrsEfficiency at 10,000 hrsTypical Maintenance Interval
Reciprocating10,000–15,00095–98%88–92%2,500 hours or annually
Scroll15,000–20,00096–99%90–95%5,000 hours or 18 months
Rotary12,000–18,00094–97%88–91%3,000 hours or annually
BTU/hWatts (W)Kilowatts (kW)Refrigeration Tons (TR)kcal/h
8,5002,4912.490.712,141
10,2363,0003.000.852,580
12,0003,5173.521.003,024
15,0004,3964.401.253,780
18,0005,2755.281.504,536
20,4255,9875.991.685,152
24,0007,0337.032.006,048
25,5007,4727.472.146,425
29,1008,5268.532.427,344
30,8009,0269.032.567,777
36,00010,55010.553.009,072
SymptomLikely CausesDiagnostic MethodCorrective Action
Low cooling capacity (5–15% below spec)Oil overcharge, dirty evaporator coil, undercharge, expansion device restrictionSuperheat measurement, oil level inspection, coil cleaning, subcooling measurementRestore oil to correct level, clean coil, adjust refrigerant charge, replace expansion device if needed
High discharge temperature (>95°C)Condenser fouling, excessive condensing temperature, undercharge, oil starvationDischarge temperature measurement, condensing temperature check, refrigerant charge verificationClean condenser coils, verify ambient conditions, add refrigerant if undercharged, check oil level
Frequent compressor shutdownOverload protection activation from electrical overload or thermal stressMonitor discharge temperature during operation, measure electrical current drawImprove condenser cooling, reduce system load, verify electrical supply voltage, check motor condition
Excessive noise/vibrationMechanical wear (bearing clearance), piston/scroll damage, loose mounting, liquid sluggingVisual inspection of compressor exterior, vibration measurement, listen for grinding noiseReplace compressor if bearing wear confirmed, install proper oil separator and accumulator, improve mounting
Liquid refrigerant return to compressorInsufficient accumulator capacity, poor piping design, low evaporator temperatureInspect piping configuration, check accumulator capacity, monitor suction temperatureInstall larger accumulator, redesign suction line with proper pitch, adjust thermostat setpoint
Acid Number (mg KOH/g)Oil ConditionRecommended Action
<0.5Fresh, acceptableContinue normal operation; test annually
0.5–1.0Slightly oxidizedMonitor closely; plan oil change within 1–2 years
1.0–2.0Moderately oxidizedSchedule oil change within 6 months
>2.0Severely degradedReplace oil immediately; may indicate moisture ingress or compressor overheating
BrandModelTypePowerVoltageCooling CapacityDisplacementWeightKey Feature
TecumsehAW5532EXGPiston3 HP220V25,500 BTU54 cc/rev20 kgLST, fan-cooled, variable load capable
TecumsehAV5538EXGPiston4 HP380V27,300 BTU20 kgHigher capacity for industrial
DaikinJT95/220VScroll3 HP220V30,800 BTU49.4 cc/revHighest efficiency, lowest noise
DaikinJT125/380VScroll4 HP380V40,600 BTU65.2 cc/revThree-phase, large capacity
Matsushita2P17CRotary220V28,400 BTU92.6 cc/rev40 kgCompact, cost-effective
Matsushita2K32CRotary220V60,700 BTU177.4 cc/rev40 kgExtra-large capacity option
HitachiSHY33Rotary220V17,612 BTU41.7 cc/rev30 APremium, high reliability
HitachiSHV33Rotary220V24,211 BTU41.7 cc/rev30 AEnhanced efficiency variant
ToshibaPH225X2CRotary220V21,348 BTU22.4 cc/rev40 AWide availability, budget option
ToshibaPH290X2CRotary220V29,372 BTU28.9 cc/rev40 AMid-range capacity, popular
ToshibaPH360X3CRotary220V36,192 BTU35.5 cc/rev30 ALarge single-phase application

LG MA62LCEG compressor specifications R134a 1/5 hp LBP

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-18Updated: 2026-01-18
The LG MA62LCEG is a reliable hermetic reciprocating compressor designed for low back pressure (LBP) applications using R134a refrigerant. Rated at approximately 1/5 HP, it delivers 174W (596 BTU/h) cooling capacity with 127W input power…
ParameterValueNotes
Cooling Capacity174 W (596 BTU/h)At standard LBP test conditions
Input Power127 WEfficient draw for its class
COP (Coefficient of Performance)1.38Good energy efficiency ratio
Horsepower Rating~1/5 HPCommon rating in this displacement
Net Weight9.1 kgCompact and easy to handle
Motor TypeRSIR, PTC starterSimple, reliable start mechanism
Packing (pcs/pallet)80Bulk shipping efficiency
ModelCapacity (W)Input (W)COPHP ApproxBest For
MA53LAEG1421061.34~1/6+Smaller fridges
MA57LBEG1601191.35~1/5Mid-range domestic
MA62LCEG1741271.381/5Larger cabinets, light commercial
MA69LCEG2001481.35~1/4Higher load applications

Evaporator and Condenser Data, Two-Door Refrigerators

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-17Updated: 2026-01-17
Achieving perfect cooling requires a precise balance between the compressor horsepower and the heat exchange surface area. Whether you are working with a small 1/8 hp unit or a jumbo 1/5 hp system, understanding the…
System CategoryCompressor HPEvaporator TypeCondenser Size (U-Bends)Typical Capacity (Liters)
Small1/8 hpCompact (~37cm)12u – 14u180L – 240L
Medium1/6 hpStandard Fin16u – 18u250L – 320L
Jumbo1/5 hpLarge Surface18u – 20u330L – 450L
Feature1/8 hp System1/6 hp System1/5 hp System
Evaporator Width~37 cm~45 cm~52 cm+
Condenser AreaBaseline+25%+45%
Refrigerant ChargeLow (80-100g)Medium (120-150g)High (160g+)
Cooling SpeedModerateHighProfessional Grade

Compressor, Kiriazi Refrigerator, KM 33, L 310, 1/5 hp

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-17Updated: 2026-01-17
The Kiriazi KM 33 and L 310 refrigerators represent the pinnacle of tropical cooling engineering, designed to withstand extreme ambient temperatures while maintaining peak efficiency. Utilizing R134a refrigerant and a robust 1.1A compressor, these units…
ParameterSpecification Value
Appliance ModelKM 33 / L 310 / K 330
Refrigerant TypeR134a (Tetrafluoroethane)
Refrigerant Charge160 Grams
Voltage / Frequency220V – 240V / 50Hz
Current Consumption1.1 Amperes
Power Consumption2.3 Kw.h / 24H
Freezing Capacity5.0 Kg / 24H
Cooling System Pressure20 Bar (High Side Test)
Climate ClassTropical (T)
Refrigerator SizeTypical Current (A)Estimated HPRefrigerant Charge
Small (120L)0.6 – 0.7 A1/8 HP80 – 100g
Medium (250L)0.8 – 0.9 A1/6 HP120 – 140g
Kiriazi KM 33 (330L)1.1 A1/5 HP160g
Large Side-by-Side1.5 – 2.0 A1/4 HP200g+

Emkarate RL 68H Compatibility Chart with HFC HCFC HFO

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-16Updated: 2026-01-16
Understanding the chemistry between lubricants and refrigerants is vital for refrigeration longevity. While Emkarate RL 68H is a premium synthetic polyol ester (POE) oil designed for HFCs, its application with R600 (Isobutane) requires careful engineering…
Refrigerant ClassCommon ExamplesCompatibility StatusTechnical Reasoning (The “Why”)
HFC (Modern Generation)R134a, R404A, R410A, R407C, R507Fully CompatibleThese gases are polar and specifically require POE oils for proper miscibility, ensuring oil returns to the compressor.
HCFC (Legacy Transition)R22, R123, R401A, R402ACompatibleIdeal for “Retrofit” operations when converting older systems from Mineral Oil to more environmentally friendly HFC blends.
HFO (Eco-Friendly Gen)R1234yf, R1234zeCompatibleExhibits high chemical stability, making it suitable for new low Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants.
HC (Hydrocarbons)R600a, R290Chemically CompatibleMiscibility is excellent, but viscosity is the barrier; small HC systems typically require lower viscosity (ISO 10-32).
Natural (Carbon Dioxide)R744CompatibleRL 68H is robust enough to handle the high pressures and discharge temperatures typical of CO2 systems.
AmmoniaR717NOT CompatibleNEVER use with Ammonia. POE oils react chemically with R717, leading to sludge, corrosion, and system failure.
Lubricant PropertyEmkarate RL 68H (POE)Standard Mineral Oil (MO)
Base FluidSynthetic EsterPetroleum Based
Moisture SensitivityHigh (Hygroscopic)Low
Thermal RangeExcellent (High/Low)Moderate
ApplicationHFC / RetrofitCFC / HCFC / Ammonia

Compressor MAF QD59H HM for Ideal 8-foot Refrigerator

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-16Updated: 2026-01-16
Choosing the correct compressor for a classic Ideal 8-foot refrigerator requires technical precision. The MAF QD59H HM, a robust 1/6 HP unit by Comptek, is a frequent candidate for these repairs. This article explores the…
FeatureSpecification
ModelMAF QD59H HM
BrandComptek / GR
Horsepower (HP)1/6 HP
RefrigerantR134a
Voltage/Frequency220-240V ~ 50Hz
Phase1 PH (Single Phase)
Application RangeL/MBP (Low/Medium Back Pressure)
Motor TypeRSIR / CSIR (Depending on Starter Kit)
Starting TorqueHST (High Starting Torque)
Cooling Capacity~150W – 165W (at -23.3°C LBP)
Compressor ModelDisplacement (cc)Cooling Capacity (W)Efficiency (COP)
Comptek MAF QD59H5.91581.25
Embraco EMT56CLP5.61451.22
Danfoss TL5G5.01351.18
ZMC GM70AZ6.51701.28

Technical Comparison: ZEL HDL200A vs. Huaguang ATA72XL

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-16Updated: 2026-01-16
technical comparison between two common refrigerator compressors: the ZEL HDL200A and the Huaguang (Wanbao) ATA72XL. We will examine their specifications and address the critical question: Can one be used as a replacement for the other?
FeatureZEL HDL200AHuaguang ATA72XLCompatible?
RefrigerantR600aR134aNo
Cooling Power~1/4 HP~1/4 HPYes (Close)
Voltage220-240V220-240VYes
Oil TypeMineral/ABPOENo
Operating PressureLowHighNo

Category: Air ConditionerPublished: 2026-01-16Updated: 2026-01-16
Mastering Gree Multi VRF systems requires a deep understanding of their diagnostic language. From high-pressure protection (E1) to complex sensor logic (F1-F9), this comprehensive guide offers field-proven engineering insights to help technicians identify root causes,…
Error CodeDescriptionPotential Root CauseEngineer’s Field Action
E1High-Pressure ProtectionBlocked condenser, overcharge, or fan failure.Check high-pressure switch and coil cleanliness.
E2Prevention against low temperatureLow airflow or evaporator icing.Inspect filters and indoor blower motor.
E3Low-pressure protectionRefrigerant leak or clogged expansion valve.Leak test and check suction pressure levels.
E4Exhaust overtemperatureShortage of refrigerant or compressor strain.Verify discharge line temperature and charge.
E5Overcurrent ProtectorVoltage instability or compressor seizure.Check supply voltage and compressor windings.
E6Communication errorWiring fault between indoor and outdoor units.Verify signal wire continuity and shielding.
E9Water-Full protectionDrain pump failure or blocked condensate line.Clean the drain pan and test the float switch.
Error CodeSensor LocationSpecific ComponentCircuit Check
FIndoorAmbient TemperatureCheck 10k/15k Ohm resistance.
F1IndoorTube-inlet SensorInspect thermistor contact with piping.
F2IndoorTube-middle SensorCheck for moisture ingress in sensor head.
F3IndoorTube-exit SensorEnsure secure connection to the PCB.
F4OutdoorAmbient TemperatureVerify no direct sunlight on the sensor.
F5OutdoorTube-inlet SensorResistance check vs. temperature chart.
F6OutdoorTube-middle SensorCheck for corrosion on the terminal.
F7OutdoorTube-exit SensorEnsure insulation is intact.
F8 / F9ExhaustTemp Sensor 1 (Fixed) / 2 (Digital)Essential for discharge gas monitoring.
FA / FbOilTemp Sensor 1 (Fixed) / 2 (Digital)Critical for compressor lubrication health.

Danfoss Secop BD35F 101Z0200 DC compressor technical specifications and 12V 24V, 1/8 hp

Category: RefrigerationPublished: 2026-01-16Updated: 2026-01-16
 The Danfoss Secop BD35F 101Z0200 is the industry standard for DC mobile refrigeration. Engineered for 12V and 24V systems using R134a, this compressor offers variable speed performance from 1/8 to 1/5 hp. This Mbsmpro technical…
PropertyTechnical Detail
Model Number101Z0200 (BD35F)
RefrigerantR134a
Voltage Range12V DC and 24V DC (Automatic Switching)
Horsepower (HP)1/8 hp (at 2000 RPM) to 1/5 hp (at 3500 RPM)
Displacement2.00 cm³
Oil Type / AmountPolyolester (POE) / 150 cm³
Cooling TypeStatic or Fan Cooled (Recommended)
Application RangeLBP / MBP / HBP (-30°C to +10°C)
Standard Control Unit101N0210, 101N0212, or 101N0510
Speed (RPM)Cooling Capacity (Watts)Power Consumption (Watts)Current Draw (12V)
2,00035 W28 W2.3 A
2,50048 W38 W3.1 A
3,00062 W51 W4.2 A
3,50076 W65 W5.4 A
FeatureBD35F (101Z0200)BD50F (101Z1220)
Displacement2.0 cm³2.5 cm³
Max Capacity120 Watts (HBP)160 Watts (HBP)
EfficiencyBest for small boxes (under 100L)Better for large coolers/freezers
Energy UsageLower idle/starting currentSlightly higher power requirement

 LG washing machine error codes troubleshooting

Category: MbsmproPublished: 2026-01-16Updated: 2026-01-16
 Decoding LG washing machine error codes is essential for any technician or homeowner looking to maintain peak performance. From the common OE drainage error to the complex LE motor lock fault, understanding these digital signals…
Error CodeIssue DescriptionProfessional Diagnostic & Quick Fix
OEDrainage ErrorInspect the drain hose for kinks. Clean the pump filter. Test the drain pump motor for continuity.
IEWater Inlet ErrorVerify water supply valves are open. Check inlet filters for sediment. Ensure house water pressure is adequate.
UE / uBUnbalanced LoadRedistribute laundry evenly. Ensure the machine is perfectly level on the floor.
CLChild Lock ActivatedNot a fault. Press and hold the “Child Lock” button combination (often Prewash/Delay) for 3 seconds.
LEMotor Lock ErrorPossible heavy load. Reduce weight. Inspect the wiring harness between the PCB and the stator.
tCLTub Clean ReminderMaintenance prompt. Execute the Tub Clean cycle using a high-quality citric-acid-based cleaner.
DE / DE1 / DE2Door Error / Lock FaultEnsure the door is fully latched. Inspect the door switch and solenoid for electrical failure.
CECurrent / Drain ErrorCan indicate a short circuit in the motor or a drainage obstruction. Inspect the main control board for scorch marks.
SUDExcessive Suds DetectionHigh-efficiency (HE) detergent usage is mandatory. Run a rinse cycle to clear the drum.
FEOverflow ErrorTypically caused by a faulty water inlet valve that fails to close or a defective pressure sensor.
PEPressure Sensor ErrorCheck the air tube connecting the drum to the pressure switch. Verify the sensor’s frequency output.
PFPower FailureIndicates an interruption in electrical supply. Restart the cycle once power is stabilized.
TEHeating ErrorInspect the heating element and the thermistor (NTC). Measure resistance values (typical 10k-15k ohms at room temp).
DHEMotor Sensor ErrorFocus on the Hall Effect sensor located on the back of the stator.
E6Motor Hall Sensor FaultOften requires replacement of the Hall sensor or repairing the wiring harness.
ComponentExpected Value (Approx.)Fault Symptom
Inlet Valve Solenoid1.1k – 1.5k OhmsIE Error, No water entry
Drain Pump Motor150 – 200 OhmsOE Error, Standing water
Thermistor (NTC)10k – 15k Ohms (at 25°C)TE Error, Water not heating
Stator Windings8 – 12 Ohms (between pins)LE Error, Motor stuttering
Door Lock Solenoid50 – 150 OhmsDE2 Error, Door won’t lock