Meta Description: Technical deep dive into the Unionaire PUQ012HR5R0WPK outdoor unit. Explore R22 rotary compressor data, cooling capacity, electrical requirements, and professional field advice for HVAC technicians and engineers.
Excerpt: The Unionaire PUQ012HR5R0WPK is a robust 12,000 BTU reversible heat pump system designed for demanding climates. Utilizing an R22 rotary compressor, this unit balances efficiency and reliability. Our technical breakdown covers electrical parameters, pressure ratings, and compatible replacements, providing field workers with the essential data needed for professional maintenance, system repairs, and component sourcing.
Professional Engineering Review: Unionaire PUQ012HR5R0WPK 1.5 HP Heat Pump System
In the world of residential and light commercial HVAC, the Unionaire PUQ012HR5R0WPK stands as a testament to the era of high-reliability R22 systems. Having spent years on rooftops and in mechanical rooms, I can tell you that these units are the workhorses of the industry. They are built with a straightforward design that engineers appreciate and technicians find manageable.
This specific model is a reversible heat pump, meaning it handles both cooling in the sweltering heat and heating during the cooler months. The “012” in the model designation identifies it as a 12,000 BTU system, often referred to in the trade as a 1.5 HP unit.
Technical Core Specifications
Feature
Data Detail
Model
PUQ012HR5R0WPK
System Type
Heat Pump (Reversible)
I.C. Code
012HLH05F
Cooling Capacity
12,000 BTU/h
Power Supply
220-240V / 50Hz / 1 Phase
Design Pressure (High)
400 PSI
Design Pressure (Low)
82 PSI
Protection Rating
IPX4 (Splash-proof)
Compressor Performance and Efficiency Metrics
For the engineer looking at performance curves, the rotary compressor inside this unit is optimized for Air Conditioning (HBP) but can be analyzed across various evaporating temperatures to understand its efficiency limits.
Efficiency Metrics (COP) and Cooling Capacity
Evaporating Temp (°C)
Cooling Capacity (Watts)
Power Consumption (Watts)
COP (W/W)
-15
1150
680
1.69
-10
1580
740
2.14
-5
2100
810
2.59
0
2750
890
3.09
+4.4 (Standard)
3517
1050
3.35
+7.2
3850
1120
3.44
+10
4200
1180
3.56
Comprehensive Technical Data Table
Parameter
Specification Details
Utilisation
HBP (High Back Pressure)
Domaine
Cooling / Heating (Reversible)
Cooling wattage at -23°C
Not applicable (HBP design ~ 650W estimated)
Cubic feet system can cool
1,500 – 2,000 cu. ft. (Approx. 20m²)
Litres system can cool
N/A (Standard AC Application)
Kcal/h
3,024 Kcal/h
Oil Type and Quantity
Mineral Oil (MO) / 350ml
Horsepower (HP)
1.2 HP (Compressor) / 1.5 HP (System)
Refrigerant Type
R22
Motor Type
PSC (Permanent Split Capacitor)
Displacement
15.0 cc to 16.4 cc
Winding Material
Copper
Pression Charge
High: 250-300 PSI / Low: 60-70 PSI (Typical)
Capillary Size
0.050″ or 0.054″ ID
Amperage (FLA)
5.2 A – 6.0 A
LRA (Locked Rotor Amps)
28 A – 32 A
Type of Relay
Not required (PSC Motor)
Capacitor Value
30µF or 35µF / 450V
Country of Origin
Egypt / International Export
System Comparison: R22 vs. Modern Alternatives
When comparing this Unionaire unit to modern R410A or R32 systems, several field nuances emerge:
Pressure Management: The 400 PSI high-side design of this R22 unit is significantly lower than R410A systems, which often exceed 550 PSI. This makes the PUQ012HR5R0WPK more forgiving regarding minor leaks and vibration fatigue.
Maintenance: Being an R22 system, mineral oil is used. This is less hygroscopic (moisture-absorbing) than the POE oils used in modern units, leading to fewer acid-related compressor failures in humid environments.
Technical Wiring Diagram Overview (Heat Pump)
For technicians troubleshooting the electrical side, here is the standard logic for this reversible system:
Terminal C (Common): Connected to the Neutral/L2.
Terminal R (Run): Connected to Live/L1.
Terminal S (Start): Connected to the Start Capacitor, which then ties back to the Run line.
Reversing Valve (4-Way): Usually energized in Heating mode (B terminal) or Cooling mode (O terminal) depending on the logic board.
Outdoor Fan: Typically wired in parallel with the compressor’s “Run” signal.
Professional Tips and Field Maintenance Notes
Coil Cleaning: Because this unit is rated IPX4, it handles outdoor exposure well, but the aluminum fins are prone to oxidation. Use a non-acidic coil cleaner to preserve the heat exchange rate.
Vibration Check: Ensure the compressor mounting grommets are supple. Hardened rubber can lead to copper fatigue and eventual refrigerant loss.
Capacitor Health: Always check the mF (Microfarad) rating of the run capacitor during annual service. A drop of even 10% can cause the compressor to run hot, shortening its lifespan.
Cross-Reference Replacement Guide
If the original compressor fails, these are the top-tier professional choices for replacement.
5 Compressor Replacements (Same Gas: R22)
Brand
Model
Capacity
Notes
GMCC
PH215X2C-4FT1
12,000 BTU
Direct fit, high reliability
Highly
ASD102RK
12,200 BTU
Excellent energy rating
Panasonic
2K22S225
12,100 BTU
Quiet operation
Hitachi
BSA645RV
11,950 BTU
Compact footprint
Toshiba
PA145X2C
12,000 BTU
Rugged design
5 Compressor Replacements (Alternative Gas: R410A) Note: Requires full system flush, expansion valve change, and POE oil.
Brand
Model
Capacity
Displacement
GMCC
PA125X2C
12,000 BTU
12.5 cc
Highly
ASA102RK
12,300 BTU
10.2 cc
LG
QJS124P
12,000 BTU
High efficiency
Rechi
44R282A
11,800 BTU
Standard replacement
Mitsubishi
RN110
12,000 BTU
Premium choice
Final Engineering Analysis
The Unionaire PUQ012HR5R0WPK remains a vital component in many existing installations. Its 82 PSI low-side design point indicates a system built for stability. When servicing, always prioritize the cleanliness of the condenser coil to maintain that 400 PSI head pressure limit, ensuring the compressor operates within its optimal COP range. Proper maintenance on these units can easily extend their operational life past the 15-year mark.
Unionaire G+ ITWG 022 R5 Air Conditioner Specifications, 21500 BTU Cooling Capacity, Technical Manual and Installation Guide
Category: Air Conditioner,Mbsmpro
written by www.mbsmpro.com | February 9, 2026
Focus Keyphrase: Unionaire G+ ITWG 022 R5 Air Conditioner Specifications, 21500 BTU Cooling Capacity, Technical Manual and Installation Guide
SEO Title: Mbsmpro.com, Unionaire, G+ ITWG 022 R5, 21500 BTU/Hr, 6.30 KW, 12.5 Kg, Indoor Unit, 220-240V 50Hz, Split System
Meta Description: Explore the professional technical specifications of the Unionaire G+ ITWG 022 R5 indoor unit. Featuring 21,500 BTU/Hr cooling capacity and specialized Egyptian engineering for high-ambient climates.
Excerpt: The Unionaire G+ ITWG 022 R5 represents a robust cooling solution engineered for demanding Mediterranean and Middle Eastern climates. Delivering a potent 21,500 BTU/Hr cooling capacity, this Egyptian-manufactured indoor unit balances high-volume airflow with structural durability. Designed for 220-240V/50Hz systems, it features an IPX4 rating and a compact 12.5 kg chassis for versatile wall-mounted installation.
Mbsmpro.com, Unionaire, G+ ITWG 022 R5, 21,500 BTU/Hr, 6.30 KW, High-Efficiency Indoor Unit, Made in Egypt
In the realm of residential and semi-commercial HVAC systems, the Unionaire G+ series has established itself as a cornerstone of reliability, specifically tailored for high-ambient temperature regions. The G+ ITWG 022 R5 indoor unit is a high-capacity component designed to provide rapid thermal exchange while maintaining a compact footprint. This article provides an engineering-grade breakdown of its performance metrics, electrical requirements, and installation nuances.
Technical Analysis of the G+ ITWG 022 R5
The unit operates on a standard single-phase 220-240V supply at 50Hz, making it compatible with the electrical infrastructure of most of Africa and the Middle East. With a cooling output of 21,500 BTU/Hr (equivalent to 6.30 KW), this model sits comfortably in the 2.5 HP to 3.0 HP category, capable of cooling large living spaces or office environments efficiently.
Core Specifications Table
Feature
Specification Details
Brand
Unionaire
Model Number
G+ ITWG 022 R5
Cooling Capacity (BTU/Hr)
21,500 BTU/Hr
Cooling Capacity (KW)
6.30 KW
Electrical Power Supply
220-240V / 1 Ph / 50 Hz
Net Weight
12.5 Kg (Indoor Unit Only)
Ingress Protection Rating
IPX4 (Splash proof)
Country of Origin
Made in Egypt
Series
G+ (Ionizer/Plasma optimized series)
Comparative Value Analysis
When evaluating the G+ ITWG 022 R5 against other models in the Unionaire lineup or competitors, the BTU-to-weight ratio is particularly noteworthy. At only 12.5 kg, the indoor unit is relatively lightweight for its cooling class, reducing stress on wall mounts while housing a large-diameter cross-flow fan for quiet operation.
Performance Comparison: 1.5 HP vs. 2.5 HP vs. 3.0 HP
Model Class
BTU Range
Suitable Area (Avg)
Cooling Speed
Unionaire 1.5 HP
12,000 BTU
12 – 15 m²
Standard
G+ ITWG 022 R5 (2.5 HP)
21,500 BTU
22 – 30 m²
High Velocity
Unionaire 3.0 HP
24,000 – 28,000 BTU
30 – 40 m²
Ultra High
Electrical Schematic and Wiring Overview
The G+ ITWG 022 R5 follows a standard control logic for split systems. For field technicians, understanding the terminal block configuration is essential for safe integration with the outdoor condenser.
Terminal L (Brown): Main Power Phase.
Terminal N (Blue): Neutral Return.
Terminal S (Signal/Communication): Data line between indoor and outdoor units (vital for compressor cycling).
Terminal E (Yellow/Green): Earth Grounding.
Engineering Note: Ensure that the communication cable is shielded or properly separated from high-voltage lines to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI), which can lead to sensor errors or erratic fan speeds.
Engineering Advice and Installation Notices
Mounting Height: For optimal airflow and thermal stratification, the indoor unit must be installed at a minimum height of 2.3 meters from the floor. This ensures that the cold air plume has sufficient distance to mix with room air before reaching occupants.
IPX4 Compliance: The IPX4 rating indicates protection against water splashes from any direction. However, this unit is strictly for indoor use. Avoid installation in high-humidity zones like laundry rooms without adequate ventilation.
Condensate Management: Given the 6.30 KW cooling capacity, significant condensation will occur. Ensure the drain pipe has a minimum downward slope of 1:50 to prevent water backup and microbial growth in the pan.
Air Filter Maintenance: The G+ series often includes high-density filters. These should be inspected every 15 days in dusty environments to maintain the rated 21,500 BTU/Hr efficiency.
Benefits of the G+ ITWG 022 R5 Model
Optimized Airflow: The “G+” design features wider air vanes, allowing for a longer “throw” of air, which is essential for rectangular rooms.
Tropicalized Design: Specifically engineered to handle the high head pressures associated with Egyptian and Gulf climates.
Serviceability: As a widely distributed model, spare parts such as fan motors and PCB controllers are readily available throughout the region.
Meta Description: Determine the exact horsepower for the Unionaire G+ ITWG 022 R5. With 21,500 BTU/Hr and 6.30 KW cooling capacity, this unit is classified in the 2.5 HP to 3 HP range for professional HVAC applications.
Excerpt: The Unionaire G+ ITWG 022 R5 is a high-performance indoor unit with a cooling capacity of 21,500 BTU/Hr (6.30 KW). Technically classified within the 2.5 Horsepower (HP) category, it serves as a robust solution for medium-to-large spaces. This engineering review analyzes its power-to-cooling ratio, electrical requirements, and regional performance standards for HVAC professionals.
When evaluating the power of an air conditioning unit like the Unionaire G+ ITWG 022 R5, technicians and engineers often look for the “Horsepower” (HP) rating to determine suitability for specific room volumes. Based on the technical data plate indicating a cooling capacity of 21,500 BTU/Hr (6.30 KW), this unit is officially categorized as a 2.5 HP model.
The Engineering Logic: BTU to HP Conversion
In the HVAC industry, particularly within the Middle Eastern and African markets where Unionaire is a dominant brand, horsepower is a nominal term used to simplify capacity. While 1 HP is technically 746 Watts of electrical power, in cooling terms, it usually corresponds to approximately 8,000 to 9,000 BTU/Hr of heat removal capacity depending on the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER).
Horsepower Classification Table
Nominal HP
BTU/Hr Range
KW Cooling Capacity
Model Reference
1.5 HP
12,000 – 13,000
3.51 – 3.81
ITWG 012 / 013
2.25 HP
18,000 – 19,000
5.27 – 5.56
ITWG 018 / 019
2.5 HP
21,000 – 22,000
6.15 – 6.45
G+ ITWG 022 R5
3.0 HP
24,000 – 26,000
7.03 – 7.62
ITWG 024 / 025
Technical Value Comparison: G+ ITWG 022 R5 vs. Standard 3 HP Units
The G+ ITWG 022 R5 provides a unique middle ground. While many manufacturers jump from 18,000 BTU (2.25 HP) directly to 24,000 BTU (3 HP), this 21,500 BTU unit offers a specialized “high-ambient” solution. It provides more “muscle” than a standard 2.25 HP unit without the higher electrical draw of a full 3 HP system.
Metric
Unionaire 2.25 HP
Unionaire G+ 2.5 HP
Competitor 3 HP
Cooling (BTU)
18,000
21,500
24,000
Cooling (KW)
5.27
6.30
7.03
Weight (Indoor)
11.0 Kg
12.5 Kg
14.5 Kg
Voltage
220-240V
220-240V
220-240V
Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics
The G+ ITWG 022 R5 is engineered for durability. The “R5” suffix typically indicates a specific revision of the refrigerant cycle or control board logic, optimized for the R410A or R22 gas types (refer to the outdoor unit label for gas type confirmation).
Cooling Power: 6.30 KW allows for rapid temperature pull-down in rooms up to 30 square meters.
Mass: At 12.5 Kg, the internal heat exchanger (evaporator) is dense, featuring high-grade copper tubing and hydrophilic aluminum fins to prevent “ice-up” during long operation cycles.
Protection: The IPX4 rating ensures that the internal electronics are shielded from moisture ingress, which is critical during the dehumidification process.
Installation Notice and Engineering Tips
Circuit Breaker Selection: For a 2.5 HP (21,500 BTU) unit, a dedicated 20A or 25A C-Type circuit breaker is recommended to handle the inductive start-up current of the compressor.
Piping Diameter: This capacity usually requires a 1/2″ (12.7mm) suction line and a 1/4″ (6.35mm) liquid line. Using undersized piping will significantly reduce the 6.30 KW cooling output.
Placement: Due to the high airflow velocity of a 2.5 HP unit, avoid placing it directly facing seating areas to prevent “cold draft” discomfort.
Vacuuming: Always perform a deep vacuum (below 500 microns) during installation to ensure the 21,500 BTU efficiency is met and to protect the compressor from non-condensables.
Professional Benefits of the 2.5 HP G+ Series
Balanced Load: Ideal for “L-shaped” living rooms where a 1.5 HP unit is too weak and a 3 HP unit cycles too frequently (short-cycling).
Egyptian Engineering: Built to withstand the T3 climate conditions (up to 52°C ambient temperatures).
Quiet Operation: Despite the high BTU output, the G+ series uses an oversized tangential fan to move air at lower RPMs, reducing decibel levels.
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Complete Compressor Specifications: 5 Major Brands Compared
Meta Description
Technical specifications for Tecumseh, Daikin, Matsushita, Hitachi, and Toshiba compressors. Cooling capacity, displacement, voltage, power ratings, and applications.
Understanding refrigeration compressor specifications is essential for proper HVAC system selection and maintenance. This comprehensive guide covers five major compressor brands—Tecumseh, Daikin, Matsushita, Hitachi, and Toshiba—with detailed technical data on cooling capacity, displacement, voltage requirements, and applications.
ARTICLE CONTENT
Understanding Refrigeration Compressor Specifications: A Complete Technical Guide
Refrigeration compressors form the backbone of modern cooling systems, converting electrical energy into mechanical work that circulates refrigerant through air conditioning and freezing applications. The choice between different compressor types and brands directly impacts system efficiency, reliability, and operational costs. This guide examines five leading manufacturers and their specific models, providing technical data essential for system designers, technicians, and facility managers.
SECTION 1: THE THREE MAIN COMPRESSOR ARCHITECTURES
1.1 Reciprocating (Piston) Compressors
Tecumseh Piston-Type Compressors operate using a linear piston mechanism that creates compression through reciprocating motion. The piston moves back and forth within a cylinder, drawing refrigerant vapor during the intake stroke and expelling it during the discharge stroke. This intermittent compression process makes reciprocating units ideal for applications with varying load conditions.
Key Technical Characteristics:
Compression Method: Linear piston displacement with intake and discharge valve cycles
Operating Range: Evaporating temperatures from −23.3°C to 12.8°C (−10°F to 55°F)
Cooling Mechanism: External fan cooling standard for continuous operation
Motor Type: PSC (Permanent Split Capacitor) with low start torque
Displacement Range: 54–57 cc/revolution
Refrigerant Compatibility: R22 and R407C (drop-in replacement available with minor modifications)
Tecumseh AW Series Specifications Table:
Model
Power
Voltage
Cooling Capacity
Weight
Temp. Range
AW5524E
2.5 HP
220V
20,000 BTU
20 kg
−23°C to +13°C
AW5528EKGb
2.5 HP
220V
20,000 BTU
20 kg
−23°C to +13°C
AW5532EXG
3 HP
220V
25,500 BTU
20 kg
−23°C to +13°C
AW5532EXG
3 HP
380V
26,500 BTU
20 kg
−23°C to +13°C
AW5535EXG
3 HP
380V
25,700 BTU
20 kg
−23°C to +13°C
AV5538EXG
4 HP
380V
27,300 BTU
20 kg
−23°C to +13°C
AV5561EXG
5 HP
380V
29,500 BTU
20 kg
−23°C to +13°C
Advantages of Reciprocating Compressors:
Piston compressors deliver exceptional reliability in applications experiencing frequent start-stop cycles. Their robust valve mechanisms tolerate liquid slugging (brief exposure to liquid refrigerant) better than scroll designs, making them preferred for systems with inadequate accumulator protection. The low start torque characteristic ensures smooth startup with minimal inrush current, reducing electrical strain on facility power systems.
Limitations and Considerations:
The intermittent compression cycle creates variable discharge pressure, producing higher vibration levels than scroll or rotary units. Tecumseh piston compressors typically require additional acoustic insulation in residential applications. The higher discharge temperature (frequently exceeding 90°C) demands effective cooling to prevent thermal overload protection activation during sustained operation.
1.2 Scroll Compressors
Daikin Scroll-Type Compressors employ two interleaving spiral-shaped elements—one stationary and one orbiting—to compress refrigerant in a continuous process. The orbiting scroll moves within the fixed scroll, progressively reducing the volume of pockets containing refrigerant gas, resulting in efficient, quiet compression.
Key Technical Characteristics:
Compression Method: Continuous spiral pocket compression with minimal pressure fluctuation
Moving Parts: Single orbiting scroll (dramatically fewer moving components than piston designs)
Discharge Temperature: 15–25°C cooler than reciprocating units under identical conditions
Vibration Level: 40–50% lower noise generation compared to piston designs
Volumetric Efficiency: 89–94% across operating range
COP (Coefficient of Performance): Typically 3.0–3.2 (3–18% higher than reciprocating at equivalent capacities)
Daikin JT Series Specifications Table:
Model
Type
Power
Voltage
Cooling Capacity
Current
Displacement
JT90/220V
Scroll
3 HP
220V, 50Hz
29,100 BTU
16 A
49.4 cc/rev
JT90/380V
Scroll
3 HP
380V, 50Hz
29,200 BTU
16 A
49.4 cc/rev
JT95/220V
Scroll
3 HP
220V, 50Hz
30,800 BTU
16 A
49.4 cc/rev
JT95/380V
Scroll
3 HP
380V, 50Hz
31,400 BTU
16 A
49.4 cc/rev
JT125/220V
Scroll
4 HP
220V, 50Hz
35,400 BTU
16 A
65.2 cc/rev
JT125/380V
Scroll
4 HP
380V, 50Hz
40,600 BTU
16 A
65.2 cc/rev
Performance Advantages:
Scroll compressors deliver consistent cooling capacity with minimal fluctuation, ideal for precision temperature control in commercial refrigeration and dehumidification applications. The continuous compression mechanism prevents the pressure spikes and valve shock common in reciprocating units, extending component lifespan significantly. Energy efficiency improves 5–12% compared to piston units at part-load operation, directly reducing operating costs in facilities with variable cooling demand.
Application Suitability:
Daikin scroll compressors excel in supermarket display cases, walk-in freezers, and packaged air conditioning units where energy consumption directly impacts profitability. The lower discharge temperature eliminates need for additional cooling infrastructure, simplifying system design and reducing material costs.
1.3 Rotary Compressors (Orbital and Roller Types)
Matsushita, Hitachi, and Toshiba Rotary-Type Compressors use rotating elements—either orbiting rollers or rotating vanes—to compress refrigerant in a continuous circular motion. Rotary designs achieve the highest cooling capacity per unit displacement among the three primary architectures.
Compression Mechanism Comparison:
Rotary vs. Scroll vs. Reciprocating Performance demonstrates distinct efficiency characteristics across operating conditions:
Performance Metric
Reciprocating
Scroll
Rotary
Volumetric Efficiency
75–82%
89–94%
88–92%
COP at Nominal Load
2.8–3.0
3.0–3.2
2.9–3.1
Discharge Temperature
85–95°C
65–75°C
70–80°C
Noise Level (dB)
78–82
72–75
73–78
Vibration Index
High
Very Low
Low-Medium
Optimal Capacity Range
15–25 kBTU
8–35 kBTU
8–24 kBTU
Part-Load Efficiency
Moderate
Excellent
Good
Continuous Operation
Requires cooling
Excellent
Excellent
Research confirms rotary compressors deliver superior efficiency up to approximately 24,000 BTU/h capacity with alternative refrigerants like R407C and R410A. Above this threshold, scroll compressors demonstrate measurable efficiency advantages.
Matsushita (Panasonic) manufactures rotary compressors for commercial and semi-commercial applications, featuring displacement-based capacity selection.
Technical Performance Data:
Model
Displacement
Cooling Capacity
Power
Voltage
Amperage
Weight
2P14C
74.5 cc/rev
25,500 BTU
—
220V
40 A
40 kg
2P17C
92.6 cc/rev
28,400 BTU
—
220V
40 A
40 kg
2K22C
130.0 cc/rev
44,400 BTU
—
220V
40 A
40 kg
2K32C
177.4 cc/rev
60,700 BTU
—
220V
40 A
40 kg
2V36S
209.5 cc/rev
71,400 BTU
—
220V
30 A
30 kg
2V42S
245.7 cc/rev
83,700 BTU
—
220V
30 A
30 kg
2V47W
285.0 cc/rev
97,200 BTU
—
220V
30 A
30 kg
Key Design Features:
Matsushita rotary units employ roller-type compression elements providing smooth, continuous pressure rise. The high displacement range (74.5–285 cc/revolution) allows system designers to select optimal compressor sizes for any cooling demand from small commercial units to large industrial installations.
Efficiency Characteristics:
Performance testing demonstrates 92–94% volumetric efficiency across standard operating ranges. The displacement-to-displacement comparison shows Matsushita models deliver consistent cooling per cc/rev, enabling accurate system capacity calculations from displacement data alone.
Hitachi rotary compressors represent Japanese engineering excellence, widely deployed in Asian HVAC markets with proven long-term reliability.
Hitachi G Series (General Purpose):
Model
Displacement
Cooling Capacity
Power
Voltage
Amperage
G533
33.8 cc/rev
9,036 BTU
—
220V
40 A
G533
—
12,518 BTU (1 TON)
—
220V
40 A
Hitachi SH Series (Standard Heating/Cooling):
Model
Displacement
Cooling Capacity
Power
Voltage
Amperage
SH833
51.8 cc/rev
12,518 BTU (1 TON)
—
220V
40 A
SHY33
41.7 cc/rev
17,612 BTU
—
220V
40 A
SHW33
35.6 cc/rev
20,425 BTU
—
220V
30 A
SHX33
33.6 cc/rev
19,198 BTU
—
220V
30 A
SHV33
41.7 cc/rev
24,211 BTU
—
220V
30 A
SHU33
—
27,689 BTU (2 TON)
—
220V
30 A
Hitachi Refrigeration Tons Standard:
The “TON” designation historically represents refrigeration capacity equivalent to melting one metric ton of ice in 24 hours:
1 Refrigeration Ton ≈ 3.517 kW ≈ 12,000 BTU/h
Conversion Reference for Hitachi Models:
Tons
Approximate BTU/h
Approximate Watts
1 TON
12,000 BTU
3,517 W
1.5 TON
18,000 BTU
5,275 W
2 TON
24,000 BTU
7,033 W
2.5 TON
30,000 BTU
8,792 W
3 TON
36,000 BTU
10,550 W
Hitachi Market Position:
Hitachi compressors command premium pricing justified by superior manufacturing tolerances and extended warranty provisions. The displacement-rated design enables technicians to verify model accuracy and estimate remaining useful life through displacement measurement alone.
Toshiba rotary compressors dominate Southeast Asian refrigeration markets, featuring robust construction and wide displacement availability.
Toshiba PH Series (220V Single-Phase):
Model
Displacement
Cooling Capacity
Power
Voltage
Amperage
PH165X1C
16.5 cc/rev
15,828 BTU
—
220V
40 A
PH195X2C
19.8 cc/rev
19,558 BTU
—
220V
40 A
PH225X2C
22.4 cc/rev
21,348 BTU
—
220V
40 A
PH260X2C
25.8 cc/rev
26,688 BTU
—
220V
40 A
PH290X2C
28.9 cc/rev
29,372 BTU
—
220V
40 A
PH295X2C
29.2 cc/rev
29,688 BTU
—
220V
40 A
PH310X2C
30.6 cc/rev
31,488 BTU
—
220V
30 A
PH330X2C
32.6 cc/rev
33,088 BTU
—
220V
30 A
PH360X3C
35.5 cc/rev
36,192 BTU
—
220V
30 A
PH420X3C
41.5 cc/rev
42,816 BTU
—
220V
30 A
PH440X3C
43.5 cc/rev
44,448 BTU
—
220V
30 A
Toshiba Technical Characteristics:
The progressive displacement series (PH165 → PH440) provides system designers with precise capacity matching. Each increment adds approximately 3.0–4.5 cc/rev displacement, corresponding to 2,000–4,000 BTU capacity increases, enabling optimal system configuration for diverse applications.
Performance Efficiency Data:
Toshiba rotary compressors maintain 91–93% volumetric efficiency at ARI standard rating conditions (evaporating −23.3°C, condensing 54°C). Continuous operation reliability testing demonstrates 40,000+ hour MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) under normal maintenance protocols.
SECTION 5: MATSUSHITA ROTARY UNIT COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATIONS
Matsushita Rotary Unit compressors represent the company’s premium product line, featuring enhanced efficiency and expanded capacity range for large-scale installations.
Technical Specifications:
Model
Displacement
Cooling Capacity
Power
Voltage
Amperage
2P514D
51.4 cc/rev
17,548 BTU
—
220V
40 A
2K5210D5
109.0 cc/rev
37,200 BTU
—
220V
40 A
2K5324D5
180.0 cc/rev
61,272 BTU
—
220V
40 A
2K5324D5
180.0 cc/rev
43,872 BTU
—
220V
40 A
2K5314D
177.4 cc/rev
60,192 BTU
—
220V
40 A
2J5350D
209.5 cc/rev
31,632 BTU
—
220V
30 A
2J5438D
265.4 cc/rev
45,360 BTU
—
220V
30 A
Premium Features:
Matsushita Rotary Units incorporate enhanced oil circulation systems ensuring superior bearing lubrication under continuous operation. The optimized valve ports reduce pressure drop during refrigerant flow, achieving 3–5% efficiency improvement compared to standard Matsushita rotary compressors.
Coefficient of Performance (COP) Analysis across compressor types:
Cooling Capacity Range
Most Efficient Type
Typical COP
Comments
8,000–12,000 BTU
Rotary
3.0–3.1
Rotary/scroll equivalent; rotary preferred if cost-effective
12,000–18,000 BTU
Scroll
3.1–3.3
Scroll begins efficiency advantage
18,000–24,000 BTU
Scroll
3.2–3.4
Scroll provides 5–8% higher COP than rotary
24,000–35,000 BTU
Scroll
3.3–3.5
Scroll optimal; rotary less suitable
Variable Load/Intermittent
Reciprocating
2.8–3.0
Piston preferred for duty-cycle tolerance
High-Reliability Industrial
Reciprocating
2.9–3.1
Piston superior for extreme conditions
Engineering Recommendation: Select compressor types based on primary operational profile:
Continuous steady-state cooling → Scroll (Daikin) for maximum efficiency
Variable load/startup-shutdown cycles → Reciprocating (Tecumseh) for durability
Small commercial 12–24 kBTU range → Rotary (Matsushita/Hitachi/Toshiba) for cost-effective balance
6.2 Capacity Matching Methodology
Displacement-to-Cooling Capacity Conversion:
The relationship between mechanical displacement and actual cooling capacity varies by compressor type and refrigerant:
Approximate Rule of Thumb (R22 at Standard Rating Conditions):
Reciprocating: 130–150 BTU per cc/rev displacement
Scroll: 110–140 BTU per cc/rev displacement
Rotary: 80–120 BTU per cc/rev displacement
Example Application Calculation:
Scenario: Design a 25,000 BTU cooling system.
Compressor Type
Required Displacement
Model Selection
Voltage
Weight
Reciprocating
~170 cc/rev
Tecumseh AW5532EXG
220V
20 kg
Scroll
~210 cc/rev
Daikin JT95
220V
—
Rotary
~230 cc/rev
Toshiba PH290X2C
220V
—
SECTION 7: TEMPERATURE RANGE CLASSIFICATIONS & APPLICATIONS
7.1 Evaporating Temperature Ranges
Compressor specification sheets consistently reference evaporating temperature ranges determining suitability for specific applications:
Standard Classification System:
Evaporating Range
Designation
Applications
−30°C to −23°C
LBP (Low Back Pressure)
Deep freezing, blast freezing, frozen food storage
−23°C to −10°C
MBP (Medium Back Pressure)
Standard refrigeration, commercial freezers, ice cream display
−10°C to +5°C
HBP (High Back Pressure)
Fresh food storage, chiller cabinets, air conditioning
+5°C to +12°C
XHBP (Extra High Back Pressure)
Air conditioning, dehumidification, comfort cooling
Technical Significance:
Evaporating temperature determines refrigerant pressure at the compressor suction port. Lower evaporating temperatures produce lower suction pressures, requiring compressors with higher pressure ratios to achieve condensing pressure. The Tecumseh piston compressors (evaporating −23.3°C to +12.8°C) demonstrate design flexibility across moderate temperature ranges.
7.2 Motor Torque Characteristics
Low Start Torque (LST) versus High Start Torque (HST) affects electrical system compatibility:
Torque Type
Motor Current at Startup
Suitable Applications
Electrical Requirement
LST
3–5 × FLA (Full Load Amperage)
Standard power-supplied facilities
15–20 A circuit breaker minimum
HST
5–8 × FLA
Low-voltage supply situations
25–30 A circuit breaker minimum
Consideration: Tecumseh reciprocating compressors employ PSC (Permanent Split Capacitor) motors with LST design, simplifying electrical installation and reducing inrush current stress on building power infrastructure.
SECTION 8: REFRIGERANT SELECTION & SYSTEM INTEGRATION
8.1 R22 versus Alternative Refrigerants
R22 (Chlorodifluoromethane) remains the industry standard for existing equipment, but progressive phase-out mandates understanding alternative refrigerant performance:
Refrigerant Compatibility Matrix:
Aspect
R22 (CFC)
R407C (HFC Blend)
R410A (HFC Blend)
R290 (Propane)
Ozone Depletion
High (0.055)
Zero
Zero
Zero
GWP (Global Warming Potential)
1,810
1,774
2,088
3
Pressure (Condensing 54°C)
19.2 bar
20.8 bar
28.6 bar
18.1 bar
Molecular Weight
120.9 g/mol
86.2 g/mol
72.0 g/mol
44.1 g/mol
Density (Liquid 25°C)
1.194 g/cm³
1.065 g/cm³
0.766 g/cm³
0.58 g/cm³
Viscosity (Oil Compatibility)
Mineral oil
Mineral/POE oil
Ester (POE) oil
Ester (POE) oil
Drop-in Replacement
Reference
Limited (capacity −5–10%)
Not drop-in
Safety concern
System Design Implications:
R407C retrofitting requires sealed system replacement, oil flush, and system evacuation to <500 microns vacuum. Capacity typically decreases 5–10% compared to R22, necessitating larger compressor displacement or higher-capacity alternative models.
R410A systems demand higher-pressure rated components, including compressors, condenser coils, and expansion devices. Existing R22 system components are mechanically incompatible with R410A pressures.
Scroll (Daikin): 72–75 dB @ 1 meter — smoothest operation
Rotary (Matsushita/Hitachi/Toshiba): 73–78 dB @ 1 meter — moderate vibration
Reciprocating (Tecumseh): 78–82 dB @ 1 meter — highest vibration and noise
Installation Implications: Residential applications require scroll or rotary compressors with vibration isolators and sound barriers. Commercial and industrial installations typically accept reciprocating compressor noise with standard mounting.
SECTION 11: CAPACITY CONVERSION REFERENCE TABLE
Quick Reference: Converting Between Common Cooling Capacity Units
BTU/h
Watts (W)
Kilowatts (kW)
Refrigeration Tons (TR)
kcal/h
8,500
2,491
2.49
0.71
2,141
10,236
3,000
3.00
0.85
2,580
12,000
3,517
3.52
1.00
3,024
15,000
4,396
4.40
1.25
3,780
18,000
5,275
5.28
1.50
4,536
20,425
5,987
5.99
1.68
5,152
24,000
7,033
7.03
2.00
6,048
25,500
7,472
7.47
2.14
6,425
29,100
8,526
8.53
2.42
7,344
30,800
9,026
9.03
2.56
7,777
36,000
10,550
10.55
3.00
9,072
Conversion Formula: 1 BTU/h = 0.293 Watts
SECTION 12: FIELD EXPERT RECOMMENDATIONS & BEST PRACTICES
12.1 Installation Best Practices
Compressor Positioning & Orientation:
Mount horizontally or slightly inclined (5–10°) to ensure oil return during operation
Avoid vertical mounting unless designed for that orientation
Provide minimum 30 cm clearance for air circulation around external cooling fins
Model number matches exactly (including letter suffixes indicating refrigerant/voltage/torque type)
Cooling capacity specification in same units (BTU/h, kW, or TR) as system design
Voltage and phase (1PH 220V, 3PH 380V, etc.) match facility electrical supply
Refrigerant type (R22, R407C, etc.) compatible with existing system or justified retrofit plan
Discharge port connections (flange size, thread type, O-ring groove style) match existing tubing
Oil type and quantity specified in compressor documentation
Warranty period and coverage terms documented (typically 12–24 months)
Manufacturer certification (CE-marked for EU compliance, or equivalent regional compliance)
16.2 Common Model Number Decoding
Tecumseh Example: AW5532EXG
A = Hermetic (sealed)
W = Standard enclosure
55 = Displacement series (550 cc/rev class)
32 = Specific displacement (approximately)
EXG = Extended application, R407C compatible, group G motor torque
Daikin Example: JT95BCBV1L
JT = Scroll compressor line
95 = Approximate capacity (95 cc displacement, ~30 kBTU)
BC = Bearing and oil type (BC = standard bearing)
BV = Valve configuration
1L = 220V/50Hz single-phase variant
CONCLUSION: SELECTING THE RIGHT COMPRESSOR FOR YOUR APPLICATION
The refrigeration compressor represents the highest-cost and most critical component in any HVAC or cooling system. Understanding the technical distinctions between reciprocating (piston), scroll, and rotary architectures enables facility managers and HVAC professionals to make informed decisions balancing efficiency, reliability, and cost.
Key Takeaways:
✓ Scroll compressors (Daikin JT series) deliver superior energy efficiency and quiet operation, ideal for continuous applications in temperature-controlled environments.
✓ Reciprocating piston compressors (Tecumseh AW/AV series) provide unmatched reliability for systems experiencing variable load cycles and startup-shutdown events.
✓ Rotary compressors (Matsushita, Hitachi, Toshiba) balance efficiency and cost-effectiveness, particularly valuable in emerging markets and small-to-medium capacity applications.
✓ Displacement-based selection enables precise capacity matching by dividing required cooling capacity (BTU) by manufacturer efficiency factor.
✓ Refrigerant compatibility must drive compressor selection, particularly given R22 phase-out and growing adoption of R407C and R410A alternatives.
✓ Proper oil charge, superheat adjustment, and commissioning procedures determine whether a compressor achieves nameplate capacity and design lifespan.
For facility planners and cooling system designers, detailed specification knowledge transforms compressor selection from guesswork into precision engineering, directly improving system performance, reducing energy consumption, and extending equipment lifespan.
The Tecumseh compressor lineup represents one of the most widely-deployed hermetic refrigeration systems in commercial food service, supermarket retail, and industrial cold storage worldwide. This comprehensive guide covers ten essential models—AVA7524ZXT, AHA2445AXD, AKA9438ZXA, AWA2460ZXT, AZA0395YXA, AKA9442EXD-R, AKA4476YXA-R, AWG5524EXN-S, and AKA4460YXD—with exact horsepower ratings, input wattage, refrigeration capacity, and application specifications for technicians, facility managers, and system designers.
Complete Specifications Table: All Ten Tecumseh Compressor Models
Model
HP Rating
Input Watts (Rated)
Refrigeration Capacity (W)
Refrigerant
Voltage/Phase
Evaporating Range
Application Type
Motor Type
AVA7524ZXT
3 HP
3,490–4,000 W (varies by refrigerant)
6,639–6,973 W (R407A-R404A @ 20°F evap.)
R404A, R407A, R448A, R449A, R452A
200–230V 3-phase 60Hz / 50Hz
−23.3°C to −1.1°C (−10°F to 30°F)
Medium-Back-Pressure (MBP)
HST (High Start Torque) 3-phase
AHA2445AXD
1 HP
1,225 W (R-12 @ −10°F evap.)
1,289 W (legacy R-12)
R-12 (inactive/restricted)
200–230V 1-phase 50/60Hz
−40°C to −12.2°C (−40°F to 10°F)
Low-Back-Pressure (LBP)
CSIR (Capacitor-Start) HST
AKA9438ZXA
1/2 HP
756 W (R404A @ 20°F evap.)
1,099–1,112 W (R404A-R407A)
R404A, R407A, R448A, R449A, R452A
115V 1-phase 60Hz / 100V 50Hz
−17.8°C to 10°C (0°F to 50°F)
Commercial-Back-Pressure (CBP)
CSIR HST
AWA2460ZXT
1.5 HP
1,552–1,686 W (R452A-R449A)
1,684–1,758 W (−10°F evap.)
R404A, R407A, R448A, R449A, R452A
200–230V 3-phase 50/60Hz
−40°C to −12.2°C (−40°F to 10°F)
Low-Back-Pressure (LBP)
HST 3-phase
AZA0395YXA
1/9 HP
230 W (R134a @ 20°F evap.)
278 W (R134a)
R-134a
115V 1-phase 60Hz / 100V 50Hz
−17.8°C to 10°C (0°F to 50°F)
Commercial-Back-Pressure (CBP)
RSIR (Rotary Solenoid) LST
AKA9442EXD-R
1/2 HP
760 W (R-22 @ 20°F evap.)
1,231 W (R-22)
R-22, R-407C
208–230V 1-phase 60Hz / 200V 50Hz
−17.8°C to 10°C (0°F to 50°F)
Commercial-Back-Pressure (CBP)
CSR (Capacitor-Start) HST
AKA4476YXA-R
3/4 HP
1,070–1,111 W (R134a-R513A)
2,250–2,265 W (45°F evap.)
R-134a, R-513A
115V 1-phase 60Hz / 100V 50Hz
−6.7°C to 12.8°C (20°F to 55°F)
High-Back-Pressure (HBP)
CSIR HST
AWG5524EXN-S
2 HP
1,650–2,480 W (varies load)
7,091 W (R-22 rated)
R-22, R-407C
208–230V 1-phase 60Hz / 200–220V 50Hz
−23.3°C to 12.8°C (−10°F to 55°F)
Multi-Temperature
PSC LST
AKA4460YXD
1/2 HP
889–890 W (R134a HT)
6,250 BTU/h (~1,830 W) @ 20°F evap.
R-134a (high-temperature rated)
208–230V 1-phase 60Hz
−6.7°C to 12.8°C (20°F to 55°F)
High-Back-Pressure (HBP)
CSIR HST
Detailed Model Analysis with Exact Power Specifications
AVA7524ZXT: 3 HP, 3,490–4,000 W Medium-Back-Pressure Workhorse
The Tecumseh AVA7524ZXT is one of the company’s flagship 3-horsepower, three-phase compressors with input power consumption ranging from 3,490 W to 4,000 W depending on refrigerant and operating conditions. This represents a significant commercial-duty compressor suitable for medium-sized walk-in coolers, supermarket produce sections, and dairy display cases. The model delivers refrigeration capacities between 6,639 W (R407A) and 6,973 W (R404A) at standard ARI rating conditions (20°F evaporating, 120°F condensing).
Power Consumption Breakdown by Refrigerant at 20°F Evaporation:
R404A: 4,000 W input (Most demanding; highest discharge temperature)
R449A: 3,622 W input (Better efficiency than R404A)
R448A: 3,622 W input (Similar to R449A; lower GWP)
R452A: 3,772 W input (Improved efficiency; very low GWP)
R407A: 3,490 W input (Most efficient; legacy alternative)
The high three-phase inrush current (65.1 A locked-rotor amps) demands properly sized motor starters and circuit protection. Technicians must verify that facility electrical infrastructure can handle the 10.9 A rated load at 60 Hz continuously without voltage sag exceeding 3%.
Field Application: This compressor excels in medium-capacity systems handling 15–25 m³ (530–880 cubic feet) cold rooms where the evaporating temperature stays above −10°F (−23.3°C) and cooling loads are moderate to heavy. Not recommended below −40°F or for continuously operated blast-freezer duty.
AHA2445AXD: 1 HP, 1,225 W Legacy Low-Temperature R-12 Unit
The Tecumseh AHA2445AXD is a 1-horsepower, single-phase compressor rated for 1,225 W input power at the ASHRAE standard low-temperature rating (−10°F evaporating, 130°F condensing). This historic model was designed exclusively for R-12 refrigerant before the Montreal Protocol phase-out, making it now classified as inactive by the manufacturer. Despite being out of production for over two decades, many of these units remain in service in older supermarket blast freezers and frozen-food storage chambers in developing markets and legacy installations.
Critical Specifications:
Refrigeration Capacity: 1,289 W @ −10°F evaporation (ASHRAE standard)
Motor Configuration: CSIR (Capacitor-Start/Induction-Run) with High Start Torque
Locked-Rotor Amps: 51 A (high inrush current requiring heavy-duty contactors)
Displacement: 53.186 cc (relatively small piston chamber)
Oil Type: Mineral oil (incompatible with modern POE-based refrigerants)
Why It’s Obsolete: R-12 recovery is mandatory in most developed nations; supplies are restricted to legacy system maintenance only. The mineral oil used in R-12 systems is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture), and switching to R404A or R134a without complete flushing and oil replacement guarantees rapid acid formation and compressor failure within weeks.
Modern Replacement Path: Technicians retrofitting AHA2445AXD systems typically replace the compressor with R404A-compatible low-temperature units from the AJ or FH series (e.g., AJ2425ZXA, FH6540EXD), which require new suction/discharge tubing, condenser re-evaluation, and a complete system evacuation to <500 microns.
AKA9438ZXA: 1/2 HP, 756 W Compact Commercial Medium-Temperature
The Tecumseh AKA9438ZXA is a compact 1/2-horsepower compressor drawing just 756 W input power at R404A rating conditions (20°F evaporation). Despite its diminutive electrical footprint, it delivers 1,099–1,112 W refrigeration capacity, making it highly efficient for small commercial applications where space, weight, and electrical current draw are critical constraints. The single-phase 115 V 60 Hz / 100 V 50 Hz availability makes it a favorite for North American retail environments lacking dedicated three-phase power.
Performance and Electrical Profile:
Refrigerant
Input Watts
Capacity Watts
Locked-Rotor Amps
Rated Load Amps
R404A
800 W
1,099 W
58.8 A
9.2 A
R407A
756 W
1,112 W
58.8 A
9.2 A
R449A
724 W
1,094 W
58.8 A
9.2 A
R452A
757 W
1,092 W
58.8 A
9.2 A
R448A
724 W
1,094 W
58.8 A
9.2 A
Critical Field Consideration: The high locked-rotor current (58.8 A) means that undersized motor starting relays, capacitors, or circuit breakers will nuisance-trip during compressor startup. Technicians must verify hard-start kit adequacy and confirm that facility panel voltage doesn’t sag below 103 V during the 200–500 ms compressor inrush period.
Ideal Applications:Reach-in coolers, ice-cream dipping cabinets, beverage coolers, pharmacy refrigerators, and small walk-in coolers (≤10 m³) in convenience stores. The evaporating range of 0°F to 50°F (−17.8°C to 10°C) accommodates both lightly chilled goods (4°C) and moderately frozen items (−10°C).
AWA2460ZXT: 1.5 HP, 1,552–1,686 W Three-Phase Low-Temperature
The Tecumseh AWA2460ZXT is a 1.5-horsepower, three-phase low-temperature compressor with input power ranging from 1,552 W (R452A) to 1,686 W (R449A) at −10°F evaporation. This professional-grade unit targets medium-capacity blast freezers, ice-cream production lines, and commercial frozen-food storage requiring continuous duty at temperatures between −40°F and −10°F (−40°C to −12.2°C).
Power Efficiency Comparison Across Refrigerants (230 V 3-phase, −10°F evaporation):
Refrigerant
Input Watts
Refrigeration Capacity (W)
Efficiency (W/W)
Discharge Temp. Trend
R404A
1,630 W
1,758 W
1.08
Baseline
R449A
1,686 W
1,684 W
1.00
Higher; more discharge heat
R448A
1,686 W
1,684 W
1.00
Similar to R449A
R452A
1,552 W
1,719 W
1.11
Lowest input; best COP
Three-Phase Electrical Requirements:
Locked-Rotor Amps (LRA): 63.4 A (substantial; requires oversized contactor)
Displacement: 51.27 cc (large piston volume for high-displacement performance)
Operational Excellence: The AWA2460ZXT shines in consistent, heavy-duty freezer service where uninterrupted cooling at −20°F to −30°F is essential for product quality. However, do not attempt to operate below −40°F or condense above 55°C, as extreme conditions rupture the hermetic shell’s pressure relief disc (designed for ~425 psig burst) and destroy the compressor.
AZA0395YXA: 1/9 HP, 230 W Micro-Displacement Extended-Temperature
The Tecumseh AZA0395YXA represents a tiny 1/9-horsepower compressor with only 230 W input power consumption at ARI rating conditions (20°F evaporation, R134a). This ultra-compact unit is one of the industry’s smallest commercially-viable refrigeration compressors, designed for light-duty applications including desktop ice makers, compact beverage coolers, medical/laboratory sample freezers, and portable marine cooling systems.
Remarkable Compactness:
Weight: Only 19 lbs (8.6 kg)
Displacement: 5.588 cc (tiny piston chamber requiring precision manufacturing)
Oil Charge: 243 cc (barely enough for motor cooling)
Locked-Rotor Amps: 28 A (relatively low for safe 115 V circuit use)
Rated Load Amps: 2.9 A @ 115 V 60 Hz (draws less current than a desk lamp)
Capacity and Efficiency Profile:
Evaporating Temp.
Capacity BTU/h (W)
Input Watts
Power Factor
20°F (−6.7°C)
950 BTU/h (278 W)
230 W
1.21 W/W
25°F (−3.9°C)
1,230 BTU/h (360 W)
257 W
1.40 W/W
30°F (−1.1°C)
1,370 BTU/h (401 W)
274 W
1.46 W/W
Critical Limitation: The LST (Low-Start-Torque) RSIR motor is deliberately designed to minimize inrush current stress on small electrical circuits. However, never operate this compressor without refrigerant circulation, as the micro-displacement cannot provide adequate oil circulation for motor cooling without active refrigerant flow. Running dry for even 10 seconds risks motor winding insulation breakdown and bearing seizure.
Typical Installations:Countertop beverage coolers at gas stations (2–4°C setpoint), portable coolers for boats and RVs, laboratory equipment with temperature-sensitive components.
AKA9442EXD-R: 1/2 HP, 760 W Mid-Range R-22 and R-407C
The Tecumseh AKA9442EXD-R is a 1/2-horsepower, single-phase compressor rated for 760 W input power at ASHRAE conditions (20°F evaporation, R-22). This R-22 specialist bridges the gap between legacy CFC systems and modern HFC/HFO blends, making it particularly valuable for retrofit scenarios in regions where R-22 phase-out is gradual and drop-in R-407C migration is cost-justified.
R-22 vs. R-407C Power Characteristics:
The AKA9442EXD-R’s specification sheet documents 1,231 W refrigeration capacity @ 20°F evaporation on R-22 with 760 W input power, yielding a coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.62. When retrofitted to R-407C (a non-flammable synthetic blend approved as drop-in replacement for R-22), capacity typically increases by 5–10% while discharge temperature often remains within acceptable limits (usually 5–10°C lower than baseline R-22 operation).
Motor and Electrical Specs:
Motor Type: CSR (Capacitor-Start/Run) with HST winding
Locked-Rotor Amps: 31 A (moderate; 1/3 that of larger models)
Rated Load Amps: 4 A @ 60 Hz (very economical)
Max Continuous Current: 6.64 A (allows smaller circuit breakers)
Displacement: 15.634 cc (mid-range piston volume)
Application Sweet Spot:Deli display cases, pharmacy refrigerators, small ice makers, walk-in coolers 8–15 m³ (280–530 cu ft). The 0°F to 50°F (−17.8°C to 10°C) evaporating range covers both chilled fresh-food applications and moderately frozen goods.
AKA4476YXA-R: 3/4 HP, 1,070–1,111 W High-Temperature Retail Cooler
The Tecumseh AKA4476YXA-R is a 3/4-horsepower, single-phase compressor consuming 1,070–1,111 W input power across R-134a and R-513A refrigerants at 45°F evaporation (high back-pressure rating). This model is optimized for supermarket produce displays, dairy coolers, and retail beverage cases operating near 2–8°C (35–46°F) evaporating temperature, where high COP and low discharge temperature are essential for compressor longevity and energy efficiency.
R-134a vs. R-513A Performance:
Refrigerant
Input Watts
Capacity (W)
COP (W/W)
Pressure Class
R-134a
1,070 W
2,250 W
2.10
Standard HBP
R-513A
1,111 W
2,265 W
2.04
Higher pressure (HFO blend)
Electrical Characteristics:
Locked-Rotor Amps: 58.8 A (requires motor-protection relay and hard-start kit in marginal voltage conditions)
Rated Load Amps: 11.3 A @ 115 V 60 Hz (moderate continuous draw)
Displacement: 22.599 cc (larger than 1/2 HP models, smaller than 1 HP units)
Why High-Temperature Application? The 20°F to 55°F (−6.7°C to 12.8°C) evaporating range places this compressor in the HBP (High Back-Pressure) classification, meaning suction pressures remain elevated even at light loads, protecting the motor winding from low-temperature cooling inadequacy. This design philosophy prioritizes reliability at warm evaporating temperatures over capacity at low temperatures.
Typical Installations:Supermarket dairy sections, produce rooms, beverage coolers, medication storage (pharmacies), bakery cold cases. The high efficiency (COP ≈ 2.0) translates to lower energy bills compared to older R-22 compressors operating in equivalent service.
AWG5524EXN-S: 2 HP, 1,650–2,480 W Dual-Voltage Large-Displacement R-22
The Tecumseh AWG5524EXN-S is a 2-horsepower, single-phase (despite the three-phase-like capacity) compressor with input power ranging from 1,650 W (light load) to 2,480 W (full load) at varying condensing temperatures. This large-displacement unit (43.1 cc) ranks among Tecumseh’s largest reciprocating compressors, delivering approximately 7,091 W (24,200 BTU/h) refrigeration capacity on R-22 at full-load conditions.
Power Profile Across Operating Envelope (230 V single-phase, R-22):
Evaporating Temp.
Condensing Temp. 100°F
Condensing Temp. 110°F
Condensing Temp. 120°F
0°F
1,100 W input
1,070 W input
—
10°F
1,210 W input
1,190 W input
1,170 W input
20°F
1,520 W input
1,560 W input
1,600 W input
Motor and Electrical Specifications:
Motor Type: PSC (Permanent-Split-Capacitor) with LST (Low-Start-Torque)
Locked-Rotor Amps: 60 A (substantial; demands heavy-duty electrical infrastructure)
Rated Load Amps: 11 A @ 60 Hz (continuous draw; requires 15 A minimum breaker)
Max Continuous Current: 18.3 A (absolute maximum permissible)
Displacement: 43.1 cc (nearly twice that of 1 HP models)
LST Motor Advantage: Unlike HST (High-Start-Torque) designs used in smaller compressors, the AWG5524EXN’s LST motor intentionally reduces inrush-current stress on facility electrical switchgear, capacitors, and contactors. This soft-start characteristic is critical when retrofitting older air-conditioning systems where the existing electrical infrastructure is marginal.
Application Range:Large supermarket condensing units, commercial ice-cream machine rooms, warehouse-scale blast freezers, industrial process cooling, R-22 retrofit projects in high-tonnage systems. The −10°F to 55°F (−23.3°C to 12.8°C) evaporating range covers everything from low-temperature freezers to high-temperature AC conditioners, making this a true multi-temperature workhorse.
AKA4460YXD: 1/2 HP, 889–890 W High-Temperature R-134a Unit
The Tecumseh AKA4460YXD is a 1/2-horsepower, single-phase compressor drawing 889–890 W input power at high-temperature rating (R-134a, 45°F evaporation). Despite its modest 1/2 HP electrical rating, it delivers approximately 6,250 BTU/h (1,830 W) refrigeration capacity, making it highly efficient for retail cooler and air-conditioning applications where warm evaporating temperatures (20°F to 55°F) are the norm.
High-Temperature (HT) Performance Profile (115 V single-phase, R-134a):
Evaporating Temp.
Input Watts
Capacity (W)
Efficiency (W/W)
20°F
890 W
1,830 W
2.06
30°F
891 W
2,100 W
2.36
40°F
893 W
2,350 W
2.63
50°F
895 W
2,600 W
2.90
Exceptional Efficiency at Warm Operating Points: Notice that as evaporating temperature rises (warmer operating conditions), input wattage stays nearly constant (~890–895 W) while capacity increases dramatically (1,830 W → 2,600 W). This represents an efficiency gain from 2.06 to 2.90 W/W—a hallmark of HBP/high-temperature design.
Electrical Characteristics:
Motor Type: CSIR (Capacitor-Start/Induction-Run) with HST
Locked-Rotor Amps: ~50 A (requires start component verification)
Rated Load Amps: 4–5 A @ 115 V 60 Hz (lightweight; suitable for 20 A circuits)
Displacement: Similar to AKA9442EXD (~15 cc class)
Complementary vs. Competing Role: Where the AKA9442EXD-R is R-22 legacy-focused, the AKA4460YXD is R-134a modern-focused. Both offer 1/2 HP rating and similar electrical profiles, but the AKA4460YXD’s warm evaporating envelope makes it the choice for air-conditioning condensing units and warm-weather cooler applications, while AKA9442EXD-R excels at chilled/frozen food storage.
Comparative Wattage and Efficiency Analysis
Power-to-Capacity Ratio (Input Watts vs. Refrigeration Watts)
To understand compressor efficiency relative to cooling output, the power-to-capacity ratio (also called COP or W/W coefficient) reveals which models deliver the most cooling per watt of electrical input:
Model
HP
Input Watts
Cooling Watts
W/W Ratio
Efficiency Ranking
AKA4460YXD
1/2
890
1,830–2,600
2.06–2.90
Excellent (HT-optimized)
AKA4476YXA-R
3/4
1,070
2,250
2.10
Excellent (HT-optimized)
AWG5524EXN-S
2
1,650–2,480
7,091
2.86 (avg)
Very Good
AKA9438ZXA
1/2
756
1,099
1.45
Good (CBP-rated)
AKA9442EXD-R
1/2
760
1,231
1.62
Good
AZA0395YXA
1/9
230
278
1.21
Fair (micro-sized)
AVA7524ZXT
3
3,490–4,000
6,973
1.74–1.99
Good
AWA2460ZXT
1.5
1,552–1,686
1,758
1.04–1.13
Fair (LT-rated; high pressure)
AHA2445AXD
1
1,225
1,289
1.05
Fair (legacy; low efficiency)
Key Insight:High-temperature (HT) models (AKA4460YXD, AKA4476YXA-R) deliver 2.0–2.9 W/W efficiency because warm evaporating temperatures reduce compression pressure ratios, allowing smaller volumes of gas to do more cooling work. Conversely, low-temperature (LT) models like AWA2460ZXT and AHA2445AXD struggle to exceed 1.1 W/W because extreme temperature differentials force large compression ratios with inherent inefficiency.
Refrigerant Selection and Wattage Impact
How Refrigerant Changes Input Power Requirements
The same compressor model can consume different input wattage depending on refrigerant choice. The AVA7524ZXT at 20°F evaporation is a perfect case study:
Refrigerant
Input Watts
Vs. R404A
Discharge Temp.
Pressure Ratio
R404A
4,000 W
Baseline (highest)
95°C (typical)
8.5:1
R449A
3,622 W
−9.4%
85°C (lower)
8.1:1
R448A
3,622 W
−9.4%
85°C (lower)
8.1:1
R452A
3,772 W
−5.7%
88°C
8.3:1
R407A
3,490 W
−12.8%
78°C (lowest)
7.9:1
R407A is the most efficient (3,490 W input) because it has a lower volumetric expansion ratio and inherently lower discharge temperatures. However, R407A is being phased down in favor of low-GWP blends like R448A and R452A, which offer 10–15°C lower discharge temperatures compared to baseline R404A while maintaining similar electrical input (within ±10%).
Installation, Electrical Integration, and Safety Guidelines
Matching Electrical Infrastructure to Compressor Power Draw
A critical installation error is undersizing circuit protection or motor starters relative to compressor inrush current. Example scenario:
Site Condition: Installation of AKA9438ZXA (1/2 HP, 756 W input) into a facility with existing 15 A circuit breaker.
Problem:Locked-rotor amps = 58.8 A. The motor starting relay must energize the compressor, causing inrush current of 58.8 A for ~200 ms. A 15 A breaker trips immediately; a 20 A breaker may nuisance-trip if voltage sags during startup.
Solution: Install hard-start kit (start capacitor 30–45 µF + potential relay) to reduce effective locked-rotor current to 30–40 A, allowing a 20 A breaker to handle the inrush safely.
Three-Phase vs. Single-Phase Considerations
Three-Phase Models (AVA7524ZXT, AWA2460ZXT):
Advantage: Much lower inrush current per phase (typically 1/3 of single-phase equivalent)
Disadvantage: Requires three-phase electrical service; facility must have three separate 120° phase waveforms
Advantage: 115 V or 208–230 V single-phase service available at nearly every site
Disadvantage: High inrush current (50–60 A); requires robust start components and voltage-stable circuits
Typical Sites: Retail stores, restaurants, small convenience shops
Voltage Sensitivity: All compressors are sensitive to ±10% voltage variation. A 115 V compressor operating at only 103.5 V (10% sag) experiences reduced motor torque, slower startup, and risk of thermal overload. Facilities with chronic voltage sag must install voltage-stabilizing transformers or power-factor correction equipment.
Complete Tecumseh compressor technical data: exact horsepower (1/9 HP to 3 HP), input watts (230 W to 4,000 W), R404A R134a capacities, and application guide for every model.
Tecumseh commercial compressors range from 1/9 HP (230 W) to 3 HP (4,000 W), delivering refrigeration capacities from 278 W to 6,973 W across R404A, R134a, and legacy refrigerants. This complete technical guide provides exact horsepower, input wattage, evaporating ranges, and application types for all ten major models used in supermarkets, walk-ins, and retail coolers.
Refrigerants, Standing, Suction and Discharge Pressures for Modern HVAC Systems
Category: Refrigeration
written by www.mbsmpro.com | February 9, 2026
Guide to Common Refrigerants: Standing, Suction and Discharge Pressures for Modern HVAC Systems
Refrigeration technicians today work with a mix of legacy and new-generation refrigerants, each with its own safe pressure range and boiling temperature. Understanding these values is essential for accurate diagnostics, safe charging and long compressor life in air‑conditioning and commercial refrigeration.
Key role of pressure charts
Pressure–temperature charts and standing/suction/discharge tables give technicians a fast reference for what a system “should” be doing at a given ambient or evaporating temperature. Using wrong reference values can lead to over‑charging, overheating, liquid slugging or misdiagnosis of a healthy system as faulty.
Overview of common refrigerants
The image groups the most used refrigerants in residential and light commercial systems: R22, R134a, R600a, R32, R290, R407C, R404A, R410A and R417 (R417A). Each gas has a typical standing pressure (static pressure at rest), an evaporating suction pressure, a condensing discharge pressure and a characteristic boiling point at atmospheric pressure.
Typical pressure ranges from the chart
The following table summarises the indicative values shown in the chart (all pressures are approximate, for normally loaded systems at typical comfort‑cooling conditions).
Indicative pressures and boiling points
Refrigerant
Approx. standing pressure
Approx. suction pressure
Approx. discharge pressure
Boiling point (°C)
Typical replacement for
R22
150–155 psi / 1034–1069 kPa
60–70 psi / 413–483 kPa
250–300 psi / 1724–2069 kPa
−40.8 °C
R11 / legacy R22 AC
R134a
80–95 psi / 552–655 kPa
12–15 psi / 83–103 kPa
~150 psi / 1034 kPa
−26.2 °C
R12 in domestic & auto
R600a
40–50 psi / 276–345 kPa
≈0–1 psi / 0–7 kPa
~150 psi / 1034 kPa
−11.7 °C
Low‑charge fridges, R12
R32
240–245 psi / 1655–1689 kPa
110–115 psi / 758–793 kPa
175–375 psi / 1207–2586 kPa
−52.0 °C
High‑efficiency R410A/R22
R290
125–130 psi / 862–896 kPa
65–70 psi / 448–483 kPa
275–300 psi / 1896–2069 kPa
−42.1 °C
R22 in some systems
R407C
180–185 psi / 1241–1276 kPa
75–80 psi / 517–552 kPa
275–300 psi / 1896–2069 kPa
−45.0 °C (bubble)
R22 retrofits
R404A
180–185 psi / 1241–1276 kPa
80–90 psi / 552–621 kPa
275–300 psi / 1896–2069 kPa
−46.2 °C
R502 low‑temp systems
R410A
225–230 psi / 1551–1586 kPa
120–130 psi / 828–896 kPa
450–500 psi / 3103–3447 kPa
−51.4 °C
Modern R22 AC
R417A
~140 psi / 965 kPa standing
~65 psi / 448 kPa suction
~261 psi / 1796 kPa discharge
−39.0 °C
R22 service blend
These figures are not universal “set‑points”, but practical targets that help technicians decide whether a system is under‑charged, over‑charged or suffering airflow or mechanical problems.
Safety, cylinder colours and replacements
Many countries use conventional cylinder colour codes to identify refrigerants quickly on site, although some regions are migrating to neutral colours with clear labelling. Hydrocarbons such as R290 and R600a are flammable, so working pressures must always be combined with strict leak‑prevention, ventilation and ignition‑control procedures.
When phasing out ozone‑depleting R22, blends like R407C or R417A are often used in retrofit projects, while new high‑efficiency equipment typically relies on R410A or R32 with different design pressures. Comparing the standing and operating pressures during commissioning helps ensure that a replacement refrigerant is compatible with existing components such as compressors, valves and heat‑exchangers.
Practical use for technicians and trainers
Technicians can laminate similar tables and keep them in the toolbox or on the workshop wall as a quick‑reference during charging and troubleshooting.
Training centres and HVAC content creators like Mbsmgroup and Mbsm.pro can turn these values into interactive quizzes, infographics or mobile‑friendly charts for students and new technicians.
