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COMPREHENSIVE REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATIONS GUIDE: TECUMSEH, DAIKIN, MATSUSHITA, HITACHI & TOSHIBA MODELS

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Complete Compressor Specifications: 5 Major Brands Compared

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Technical specifications for Tecumseh, Daikin, Matsushita, Hitachi, and Toshiba compressors. Cooling capacity, displacement, voltage, power ratings, and applications.

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Understanding refrigeration compressor specifications is essential for proper HVAC system selection and maintenance. This comprehensive guide covers five major compressor brands—Tecumseh, Daikin, Matsushita, Hitachi, and Toshiba—with detailed technical data on cooling capacity, displacement, voltage requirements, and applications.

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ARTICLE CONTENT

Understanding Refrigeration Compressor Specifications: A Complete Technical Guide

Refrigeration compressors form the backbone of modern cooling systems, converting electrical energy into mechanical work that circulates refrigerant through air conditioning and freezing applications. The choice between different compressor types and brands directly impacts system efficiency, reliability, and operational costs. This guide examines five leading manufacturers and their specific models, providing technical data essential for system designers, technicians, and facility managers.

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SECTION 1: THE THREE MAIN COMPRESSOR ARCHITECTURES

1.1 Reciprocating (Piston) Compressors

Tecumseh Piston-Type Compressors operate using a linear piston mechanism that creates compression through reciprocating motion. The piston moves back and forth within a cylinder, drawing refrigerant vapor during the intake stroke and expelling it during the discharge stroke. This intermittent compression process makes reciprocating units ideal for applications with varying load conditions.

Key Technical Characteristics:

• Compression Method: Linear piston displacement with intake and discharge valve cycles
• Operating Range: Evaporating temperatures from −23.3°C to 12.8°C (−10°F to 55°F)
• Cooling Mechanism: External fan cooling standard for continuous operation
• Motor Type: PSC (Permanent Split Capacitor) with low start torque
• Displacement Range: 54–57 cc/revolution
• Refrigerant Compatibility: R22 and R407C (drop-in replacement available with minor modifications)

Tecumseh AW Series Specifications Table:

Model	Power	Voltage	Cooling Capacity	Weight	Temp. Range
AW5524E	2.5 HP	220V	20,000 BTU	20 kg	−23°C to +13°C
AW5528EKGb	2.5 HP	220V	20,000 BTU	20 kg	−23°C to +13°C
AW5532EXG	3 HP	220V	25,500 BTU	20 kg	−23°C to +13°C
AW5532EXG	3 HP	380V	26,500 BTU	20 kg	−23°C to +13°C
AW5535EXG	3 HP	380V	25,700 BTU	20 kg	−23°C to +13°C
AV5538EXG	4 HP	380V	27,300 BTU	20 kg	−23°C to +13°C
AV5561EXG	5 HP	380V	29,500 BTU	20 kg	−23°C to +13°C

Advantages of Reciprocating Compressors:

Piston compressors deliver exceptional reliability in applications experiencing frequent start-stop cycles. Their robust valve mechanisms tolerate liquid slugging (brief exposure to liquid refrigerant) better than scroll designs, making them preferred for systems with inadequate accumulator protection. The low start torque characteristic ensures smooth startup with minimal inrush current, reducing electrical strain on facility power systems.

Limitations and Considerations:

The intermittent compression cycle creates variable discharge pressure, producing higher vibration levels than scroll or rotary units. Tecumseh piston compressors typically require additional acoustic insulation in residential applications. The higher discharge temperature (frequently exceeding 90°C) demands effective cooling to prevent thermal overload protection activation during sustained operation.

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1.2 Scroll Compressors

Daikin Scroll-Type Compressors employ two interleaving spiral-shaped elements—one stationary and one orbiting—to compress refrigerant in a continuous process. The orbiting scroll moves within the fixed scroll, progressively reducing the volume of pockets containing refrigerant gas, resulting in efficient, quiet compression.

Key Technical Characteristics:

• Compression Method: Continuous spiral pocket compression with minimal pressure fluctuation
• Moving Parts: Single orbiting scroll (dramatically fewer moving components than piston designs)
• Discharge Temperature: 15–25°C cooler than reciprocating units under identical conditions
• Vibration Level: 40–50% lower noise generation compared to piston designs
• Volumetric Efficiency: 89–94% across operating range
• COP (Coefficient of Performance): Typically 3.0–3.2 (3–18% higher than reciprocating at equivalent capacities)

Daikin JT Series Specifications Table:

Model	Type	Power	Voltage	Cooling Capacity	Current	Displacement
JT90/220V	Scroll	3 HP	220V, 50Hz	29,100 BTU	16 A	49.4 cc/rev
JT90/380V	Scroll	3 HP	380V, 50Hz	29,200 BTU	16 A	49.4 cc/rev
JT95/220V	Scroll	3 HP	220V, 50Hz	30,800 BTU	16 A	49.4 cc/rev
JT95/380V	Scroll	3 HP	380V, 50Hz	31,400 BTU	16 A	49.4 cc/rev
JT125/220V	Scroll	4 HP	220V, 50Hz	35,400 BTU	16 A	65.2 cc/rev
JT125/380V	Scroll	4 HP	380V, 50Hz	40,600 BTU	16 A	65.2 cc/rev

Performance Advantages:

Scroll compressors deliver consistent cooling capacity with minimal fluctuation, ideal for precision temperature control in commercial refrigeration and dehumidification applications. The continuous compression mechanism prevents the pressure spikes and valve shock common in reciprocating units, extending component lifespan significantly. Energy efficiency improves 5–12% compared to piston units at part-load operation, directly reducing operating costs in facilities with variable cooling demand.

Application Suitability:

Daikin scroll compressors excel in supermarket display cases, walk-in freezers, and packaged air conditioning units where energy consumption directly impacts profitability. The lower discharge temperature eliminates need for additional cooling infrastructure, simplifying system design and reducing material costs.

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1.3 Rotary Compressors (Orbital and Roller Types)

Matsushita, Hitachi, and Toshiba Rotary-Type Compressors use rotating elements—either orbiting rollers or rotating vanes—to compress refrigerant in a continuous circular motion. Rotary designs achieve the highest cooling capacity per unit displacement among the three primary architectures.

Compression Mechanism Comparison:

Rotary vs. Scroll vs. Reciprocating Performance demonstrates distinct efficiency characteristics across operating conditions:

Performance Metric	Reciprocating	Scroll	Rotary
Volumetric Efficiency	75–82%	89–94%	88–92%
COP at Nominal Load	2.8–3.0	3.0–3.2	2.9–3.1
Discharge Temperature	85–95°C	65–75°C	70–80°C
Noise Level (dB)	78–82	72–75	73–78
Vibration Index	High	Very Low	Low-Medium
Optimal Capacity Range	15–25 kBTU	8–35 kBTU	8–24 kBTU
Part-Load Efficiency	Moderate	Excellent	Good
Continuous Operation	Requires cooling	Excellent	Excellent

Research confirms rotary compressors deliver superior efficiency up to approximately 24,000 BTU/h capacity with alternative refrigerants like R407C and R410A. Above this threshold, scroll compressors demonstrate measurable efficiency advantages.

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SECTION 2: MATSUSHITA ROTARY COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATIONS

Matsushita (Panasonic) manufactures rotary compressors for commercial and semi-commercial applications, featuring displacement-based capacity selection.

Technical Performance Data:

Model	Displacement	Cooling Capacity	Power	Voltage	Amperage	Weight
2P14C	74.5 cc/rev	25,500 BTU	—	220V	40 A	40 kg
2P17C	92.6 cc/rev	28,400 BTU	—	220V	40 A	40 kg
2K22C	130.0 cc/rev	44,400 BTU	—	220V	40 A	40 kg
2K32C	177.4 cc/rev	60,700 BTU	—	220V	40 A	40 kg
2V36S	209.5 cc/rev	71,400 BTU	—	220V	30 A	30 kg
2V42S	245.7 cc/rev	83,700 BTU	—	220V	30 A	30 kg
2V47W	285.0 cc/rev	97,200 BTU	—	220V	30 A	30 kg

Key Design Features:

Matsushita rotary units employ roller-type compression elements providing smooth, continuous pressure rise. The high displacement range (74.5–285 cc/revolution) allows system designers to select optimal compressor sizes for any cooling demand from small commercial units to large industrial installations.

Efficiency Characteristics:

Performance testing demonstrates 92–94% volumetric efficiency across standard operating ranges. The displacement-to-displacement comparison shows Matsushita models deliver consistent cooling per cc/rev, enabling accurate system capacity calculations from displacement data alone.

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SECTION 3: HITACHI ROTARY COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATIONS

Hitachi rotary compressors represent Japanese engineering excellence, widely deployed in Asian HVAC markets with proven long-term reliability.

Hitachi G Series (General Purpose):

Model	Displacement	Cooling Capacity	Power	Voltage	Amperage
G533	33.8 cc/rev	9,036 BTU	—	220V	40 A
G533	—	12,518 BTU (1 TON)	—	220V	40 A

Hitachi SH Series (Standard Heating/Cooling):

Model	Displacement	Cooling Capacity	Power	Voltage	Amperage
SH833	51.8 cc/rev	12,518 BTU (1 TON)	—	220V	40 A
SHY33	41.7 cc/rev	17,612 BTU	—	220V	40 A
SHW33	35.6 cc/rev	20,425 BTU	—	220V	30 A
SHX33	33.6 cc/rev	19,198 BTU	—	220V	30 A
SHV33	41.7 cc/rev	24,211 BTU	—	220V	30 A
SHU33	—	27,689 BTU (2 TON)	—	220V	30 A

Hitachi Refrigeration Tons Standard:

The “TON” designation historically represents refrigeration capacity equivalent to melting one metric ton of ice in 24 hours:

• 1 Refrigeration Ton ≈ 3.517 kW ≈ 12,000 BTU/h

Conversion Reference for Hitachi Models:

Tons	Approximate BTU/h	Approximate Watts
1 TON	12,000 BTU	3,517 W
1.5 TON	18,000 BTU	5,275 W
2 TON	24,000 BTU	7,033 W
2.5 TON	30,000 BTU	8,792 W
3 TON	36,000 BTU	10,550 W

Hitachi Market Position:

Hitachi compressors command premium pricing justified by superior manufacturing tolerances and extended warranty provisions. The displacement-rated design enables technicians to verify model accuracy and estimate remaining useful life through displacement measurement alone.

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SECTION 4: TOSHIBA ROTARY COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATIONS

Toshiba rotary compressors dominate Southeast Asian refrigeration markets, featuring robust construction and wide displacement availability.

Toshiba PH Series (220V Single-Phase):

Model	Displacement	Cooling Capacity	Power	Voltage	Amperage
PH165X1C	16.5 cc/rev	15,828 BTU	—	220V	40 A
PH195X2C	19.8 cc/rev	19,558 BTU	—	220V	40 A
PH225X2C	22.4 cc/rev	21,348 BTU	—	220V	40 A
PH260X2C	25.8 cc/rev	26,688 BTU	—	220V	40 A
PH290X2C	28.9 cc/rev	29,372 BTU	—	220V	40 A
PH295X2C	29.2 cc/rev	29,688 BTU	—	220V	40 A
PH310X2C	30.6 cc/rev	31,488 BTU	—	220V	30 A
PH330X2C	32.6 cc/rev	33,088 BTU	—	220V	30 A
PH360X3C	35.5 cc/rev	36,192 BTU	—	220V	30 A
PH420X3C	41.5 cc/rev	42,816 BTU	—	220V	30 A
PH440X3C	43.5 cc/rev	44,448 BTU	—	220V	30 A

Toshiba Technical Characteristics:

The progressive displacement series (PH165 → PH440) provides system designers with precise capacity matching. Each increment adds approximately 3.0–4.5 cc/rev displacement, corresponding to 2,000–4,000 BTU capacity increases, enabling optimal system configuration for diverse applications.

Performance Efficiency Data:

Toshiba rotary compressors maintain 91–93% volumetric efficiency at ARI standard rating conditions (evaporating −23.3°C, condensing 54°C). Continuous operation reliability testing demonstrates 40,000+ hour MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) under normal maintenance protocols.

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SECTION 5: MATSUSHITA ROTARY UNIT COMPRESSOR SPECIFICATIONS

Matsushita Rotary Unit compressors represent the company’s premium product line, featuring enhanced efficiency and expanded capacity range for large-scale installations.

Technical Specifications:

Model	Displacement	Cooling Capacity	Power	Voltage	Amperage
2P514D	51.4 cc/rev	17,548 BTU	—	220V	40 A
2K5210D5	109.0 cc/rev	37,200 BTU	—	220V	40 A
2K5324D5	180.0 cc/rev	61,272 BTU	—	220V	40 A
2K5324D5	180.0 cc/rev	43,872 BTU	—	220V	40 A
2K5314D	177.4 cc/rev	60,192 BTU	—	220V	40 A
2J5350D	209.5 cc/rev	31,632 BTU	—	220V	30 A
2J5438D	265.4 cc/rev	45,360 BTU	—	220V	30 A

Premium Features:

Matsushita Rotary Units incorporate enhanced oil circulation systems ensuring superior bearing lubrication under continuous operation. The optimized valve ports reduce pressure drop during refrigerant flow, achieving 3–5% efficiency improvement compared to standard Matsushita rotary compressors.

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SECTION 6: COMPREHENSIVE COMPRESSOR COMPARISON & SELECTION GUIDELINES

6.1 Energy Efficiency Comparison

Coefficient of Performance (COP) Analysis across compressor types:

Cooling Capacity Range	Most Efficient Type	Typical COP	Comments
8,000–12,000 BTU	Rotary	3.0–3.1	Rotary/scroll equivalent; rotary preferred if cost-effective
12,000–18,000 BTU	Scroll	3.1–3.3	Scroll begins efficiency advantage
18,000–24,000 BTU	Scroll	3.2–3.4	Scroll provides 5–8% higher COP than rotary
24,000–35,000 BTU	Scroll	3.3–3.5	Scroll optimal; rotary less suitable
Variable Load/Intermittent	Reciprocating	2.8–3.0	Piston preferred for duty-cycle tolerance
High-Reliability Industrial	Reciprocating	2.9–3.1	Piston superior for extreme conditions

Engineering Recommendation: Select compressor types based on primary operational profile:

• Continuous steady-state cooling → Scroll (Daikin) for maximum efficiency
• Variable load/startup-shutdown cycles → Reciprocating (Tecumseh) for durability
• Small commercial 12–24 kBTU range → Rotary (Matsushita/Hitachi/Toshiba) for cost-effective balance

6.2 Capacity Matching Methodology

Displacement-to-Cooling Capacity Conversion:

The relationship between mechanical displacement and actual cooling capacity varies by compressor type and refrigerant:

Approximate Rule of Thumb (R22 at Standard Rating Conditions):

• Reciprocating: 130–150 BTU per cc/rev displacement
• Scroll: 110–140 BTU per cc/rev displacement
• Rotary: 80–120 BTU per cc/rev displacement

Example Application Calculation:

Scenario: Design a 25,000 BTU cooling system.

Compressor Type	Required Displacement	Model Selection	Voltage	Weight
Reciprocating	~170 cc/rev	Tecumseh AW5532EXG	220V	20 kg
Scroll	~210 cc/rev	Daikin JT95	220V	—
Rotary	~230 cc/rev	Toshiba PH290X2C	220V	—

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SECTION 7: TEMPERATURE RANGE CLASSIFICATIONS & APPLICATIONS

7.1 Evaporating Temperature Ranges

Compressor specification sheets consistently reference evaporating temperature ranges determining suitability for specific applications:

Standard Classification System:

Evaporating Range	Designation	Applications
−30°C to −23°C	LBP (Low Back Pressure)	Deep freezing, blast freezing, frozen food storage
−23°C to −10°C	MBP (Medium Back Pressure)	Standard refrigeration, commercial freezers, ice cream display
−10°C to +5°C	HBP (High Back Pressure)	Fresh food storage, chiller cabinets, air conditioning
+5°C to +12°C	XHBP (Extra High Back Pressure)	Air conditioning, dehumidification, comfort cooling

Technical Significance:

Evaporating temperature determines refrigerant pressure at the compressor suction port. Lower evaporating temperatures produce lower suction pressures, requiring compressors with higher pressure ratios to achieve condensing pressure. The Tecumseh piston compressors (evaporating −23.3°C to +12.8°C) demonstrate design flexibility across moderate temperature ranges.

7.2 Motor Torque Characteristics

Low Start Torque (LST) versus High Start Torque (HST) affects electrical system compatibility:

Torque Type	Motor Current at Startup	Suitable Applications	Electrical Requirement
LST	3–5 × FLA (Full Load Amperage)	Standard power-supplied facilities	15–20 A circuit breaker minimum
HST	5–8 × FLA	Low-voltage supply situations	25–30 A circuit breaker minimum

Consideration: Tecumseh reciprocating compressors employ PSC (Permanent Split Capacitor) motors with LST design, simplifying electrical installation and reducing inrush current stress on building power infrastructure.

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SECTION 8: REFRIGERANT SELECTION & SYSTEM INTEGRATION

8.1 R22 versus Alternative Refrigerants

R22 (Chlorodifluoromethane) remains the industry standard for existing equipment, but progressive phase-out mandates understanding alternative refrigerant performance:

Refrigerant Compatibility Matrix:

Aspect	R22 (CFC)	R407C (HFC Blend)	R410A (HFC Blend)	R290 (Propane)
Ozone Depletion	High (0.055)	Zero	Zero	Zero
GWP (Global Warming Potential)	1,810	1,774	2,088	3
Pressure (Condensing 54°C)	19.2 bar	20.8 bar	28.6 bar	18.1 bar
Molecular Weight	120.9 g/mol	86.2 g/mol	72.0 g/mol	44.1 g/mol
Density (Liquid 25°C)	1.194 g/cm³	1.065 g/cm³	0.766 g/cm³	0.58 g/cm³
Viscosity (Oil Compatibility)	Mineral oil	Mineral/POE oil	Ester (POE) oil	Ester (POE) oil
Drop-in Replacement	Reference	Limited (capacity −5–10%)	Not drop-in	Safety concern

System Design Implications:

R407C retrofitting requires sealed system replacement, oil flush, and system evacuation to <500 microns vacuum. Capacity typically decreases 5–10% compared to R22, necessitating larger compressor displacement or higher-capacity alternative models.

R410A systems demand higher-pressure rated components, including compressors, condenser coils, and expansion devices. Existing R22 system components are mechanically incompatible with R410A pressures.

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SECTION 9: PRACTICAL MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDANCE

9.1 Compressor Oil Charge Specifications

Correct refrigerant oil volume directly affects bearing lubrication and heat transfer efficiency:

Oil Charge Capacity (Reference Values):

Compressor Type/Model	Oil Charge Volume	Oil Type	Purpose
Tecumseh AW5532EXG	1,100–1,300 mL	Mineral (ISO VG 32)	Bearing/piston lubrication
Daikin JT90/JT95	1,800–2,100 mL	Mineral (ISO VG 32)	Bearing/scroll pocket lubrication
Matsushita 2P17C	2,200–2,400 mL	Mineral (ISO VG 32)	Bearing/roller pocket lubrication
Hitachi SHY33/SHV33	1,600–1,900 mL	Mineral (ISO VG 32)	Bearing/vane lubrication
Toshiba PH295X2C	1,200–1,500 mL	Mineral (ISO VG 32)	Bearing/roller pocket lubrication

Critical Maintenance Notice: Under-lubrication causes bearing wear within 500–1,000 operating hours. Over-lubrication reduces cooling capacity 2–5% and increases discharge temperature 3–8°C.

9.2 Condensing Temperature Management

Discharge Temperature Calculation from condensing conditions:

Formula: Discharge Temperature (°C) = Condensing Temperature + Superheat Rise

Typical Superheat Rise Values:

• Reciprocating (Tecumseh): 12–18°C above condensing temperature
• Scroll (Daikin): 8–14°C above condensing temperature
• Rotary (Matsushita/Hitachi/Toshiba): 10–16°C above condensing temperature

Example: Tecumseh AW5532EXG operating at 54°C condensing temperature:

• Expected discharge temperature: 54°C + 15°C = 69°C (normal)
• Alarm threshold: 95°C (overheating protection activates)

Operating Margin: 26°C buffer between normal operation and thermal shutdown provides safety margin for transient load spikes.

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SECTION 10: ADVANCED SELECTION CRITERIA FOR HVAC PROFESSIONALS

10.1 Volumetric Efficiency & Capacity Degradation

Volumetric efficiency decreases with compressor age due to:

1. Valve wear (reciprocating) → increased leakage
2. Scroll clearance growth → reduced effective compression volume
3. Bearing wear → increased friction losses
4. Motor winding degradation → reduced torque output

Expected Service Life Performance:

Compressor Type	Rated Hours	Efficiency at 5,000 hrs	Efficiency at 10,000 hrs	Typical Maintenance Interval
Reciprocating	10,000–15,000	95–98%	88–92%	2,500 hours or annually
Scroll	15,000–20,000	96–99%	90–95%	5,000 hours or 18 months
Rotary	12,000–18,000	94–97%	88–91%	3,000 hours or annually

10.2 Noise and Vibration Characteristics

Acoustic Performance Ranking:

1. Scroll (Daikin): 72–75 dB @ 1 meter — smoothest operation
2. Rotary (Matsushita/Hitachi/Toshiba): 73–78 dB @ 1 meter — moderate vibration
3. Reciprocating (Tecumseh): 78–82 dB @ 1 meter — highest vibration and noise

Installation Implications: Residential applications require scroll or rotary compressors with vibration isolators and sound barriers. Commercial and industrial installations typically accept reciprocating compressor noise with standard mounting.

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SECTION 11: CAPACITY CONVERSION REFERENCE TABLE

Quick Reference: Converting Between Common Cooling Capacity Units

BTU/h	Watts (W)	Kilowatts (kW)	Refrigeration Tons (TR)	kcal/h
8,500	2,491	2.49	0.71	2,141
10,236	3,000	3.00	0.85	2,580
12,000	3,517	3.52	1.00	3,024
15,000	4,396	4.40	1.25	3,780
18,000	5,275	5.28	1.50	4,536
20,425	5,987	5.99	1.68	5,152
24,000	7,033	7.03	2.00	6,048
25,500	7,472	7.47	2.14	6,425
29,100	8,526	8.53	2.42	7,344
30,800	9,026	9.03	2.56	7,777
36,000	10,550	10.55	3.00	9,072

Conversion Formula: 1 BTU/h = 0.293 Watts

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SECTION 12: FIELD EXPERT RECOMMENDATIONS & BEST PRACTICES

12.1 Installation Best Practices

Compressor Positioning & Orientation:

• Mount horizontally or slightly inclined (5–10°) to ensure oil return during operation
• Avoid vertical mounting unless designed for that orientation
• Provide minimum 30 cm clearance for air circulation around external cooling fins
• Ensure suction line elevation permits oil return (minimum 1% pitch toward compressor)

Electrical Connection Standards:

• Use wire gauge rated for 125% of compressor full-load amperage
• Install dedicated 20-ampere circuit breaker with overload protection
• Confirm voltage tolerance: ±10% of nameplate rating (e.g., 220V ±22V)
• Verify motor capacitor rating matches nameplate (typically 25–50 µF for PSC motors)

12.2 Commissioning Checklist

Before putting refrigeration compressors into service:

Pre-startup Verification:

•  Vacuum system to <500 microns (absolute) using deep-vacuum pump
•  Charge system with specified refrigerant quantity (liquid measure from cylinder scale, never by pressure)
•  Verify oil level within sight glass (60–80% full)
•  Confirm suction line superheat 5–15°C (use calibrated thermometer + pressure gauge)
•  Measure discharge line temperature (should align with predicted values from Section 9.2)
•  Verify compressor current draw within nameplate amperage ±10%
•  Monitor system operation for 30 minutes (listen for unusual noise, vibration)

Capacity Verification Test:

Actual cooling capacity can be verified through calorimetric measurement:

Formula: Q (BTU/h) = Mass flow rate (lb/min) × 60 × Specific heat difference (BTU/lb)

Alternatively, use superheat/subcooling method to confirm proper system charge and compressor operation.

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SECTION 13: COMMON FAILURE MODES & DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH

13.1 Symptom-to-Root-Cause Diagnostic Table

Symptom	Likely Causes	Diagnostic Method	Corrective Action
Low cooling capacity (5–15% below spec)	Oil overcharge, dirty evaporator coil, undercharge, expansion device restriction	Superheat measurement, oil level inspection, coil cleaning, subcooling measurement	Restore oil to correct level, clean coil, adjust refrigerant charge, replace expansion device if needed
High discharge temperature (>95°C)	Condenser fouling, excessive condensing temperature, undercharge, oil starvation	Discharge temperature measurement, condensing temperature check, refrigerant charge verification	Clean condenser coils, verify ambient conditions, add refrigerant if undercharged, check oil level
Frequent compressor shutdown	Overload protection activation from electrical overload or thermal stress	Monitor discharge temperature during operation, measure electrical current draw	Improve condenser cooling, reduce system load, verify electrical supply voltage, check motor condition
Excessive noise/vibration	Mechanical wear (bearing clearance), piston/scroll damage, loose mounting, liquid slugging	Visual inspection of compressor exterior, vibration measurement, listen for grinding noise	Replace compressor if bearing wear confirmed, install proper oil separator and accumulator, improve mounting
Liquid refrigerant return to compressor	Insufficient accumulator capacity, poor piping design, low evaporator temperature	Inspect piping configuration, check accumulator capacity, monitor suction temperature	Install larger accumulator, redesign suction line with proper pitch, adjust thermostat setpoint

13.2 Oil Acid Number (TAN) Degradation

Oil quality directly impacts compressor lifespan:

Acid Number (mg KOH/g)	Oil Condition	Recommended Action
<0.5	Fresh, acceptable	Continue normal operation; test annually
0.5–1.0	Slightly oxidized	Monitor closely; plan oil change within 1–2 years
1.0–2.0	Moderately oxidized	Schedule oil change within 6 months
>2.0	Severely degraded	Replace oil immediately; may indicate moisture ingress or compressor overheating

Oil change intervals vary by operating conditions:

• Normal ambient (15–35°C): Every 2–3 years
• High ambient (>35°C): Every 12–18 months
• High-load continuous operation: Every 6–12 months
• Presence of moisture: Immediate replacement required

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SECTION 14: TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY TABLE

One-Page Reference Comparing All Compressor Models Covered

Brand	Model	Type	Power	Voltage	Cooling Capacity	Displacement	Weight	Key Feature
Tecumseh	AW5532EXG	Piston	3 HP	220V	25,500 BTU	54 cc/rev	20 kg	LST, fan-cooled, variable load capable
Tecumseh	AV5538EXG	Piston	4 HP	380V	27,300 BTU	—	20 kg	Higher capacity for industrial
Daikin	JT95/220V	Scroll	3 HP	220V	30,800 BTU	49.4 cc/rev	—	Highest efficiency, lowest noise
Daikin	JT125/380V	Scroll	4 HP	380V	40,600 BTU	65.2 cc/rev	—	Three-phase, large capacity
Matsushita	2P17C	Rotary	—	220V	28,400 BTU	92.6 cc/rev	40 kg	Compact, cost-effective
Matsushita	2K32C	Rotary	—	220V	60,700 BTU	177.4 cc/rev	40 kg	Extra-large capacity option
Hitachi	SHY33	Rotary	—	220V	17,612 BTU	41.7 cc/rev	30 A	Premium, high reliability
Hitachi	SHV33	Rotary	—	220V	24,211 BTU	41.7 cc/rev	30 A	Enhanced efficiency variant
Toshiba	PH225X2C	Rotary	—	220V	21,348 BTU	22.4 cc/rev	40 A	Wide availability, budget option
Toshiba	PH290X2C	Rotary	—	220V	29,372 BTU	28.9 cc/rev	40 A	Mid-range capacity, popular
Toshiba	PH360X3C	Rotary	—	220V	36,192 BTU	35.5 cc/rev	30 A	Large single-phase application

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SECTION 15: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS & FUTURE TRENDS

15.1 Refrigerant Phase-Out Timeline

The Montreal Protocol and subsequent amendments mandate progressive refrigerant phase-out:

R22 Timeline:

• 2020: Developed nations complete R22 production phase-out
• 2025: Developing nations must reduce R22 consumption by 65%
• 2030: Developing nations must achieve 90% reduction
• 2040: Complete phase-out (limited servicing stocks allowed)

Implications for Technicians:

1. Existing R22 systems continue operating with recycled/reclaimed refrigerant
2. New compressor selection must accommodate alternative refrigerants
3. Oil compatibility changes when transitioning to R407C, R410A, or propane-based alternatives
4. System pressure ratings increase with higher-pressure refrigerants

15.2 Emerging High-Efficiency Alternatives

Variable-frequency-drive (VFD) compressors enable capacity modulation, improving part-load efficiency by 20–30% compared to fixed-displacement units.

Magnetic-bearing compressors eliminate friction losses, achieving COP values above 4.5 in laboratory conditions, though cost remains prohibitive for standard HVAC applications.

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SECTION 16: PURCHASING GUIDANCE & SUPPLIER CONSIDERATIONS

16.1 Specification Verification Checklist

When ordering replacement compressors, confirm:

•  Model number matches exactly (including letter suffixes indicating refrigerant/voltage/torque type)
•  Cooling capacity specification in same units (BTU/h, kW, or TR) as system design
•  Voltage and phase (1PH 220V, 3PH 380V, etc.) match facility electrical supply
•  Refrigerant type (R22, R407C, etc.) compatible with existing system or justified retrofit plan
•  Discharge port connections (flange size, thread type, O-ring groove style) match existing tubing
•  Oil type and quantity specified in compressor documentation
•  Warranty period and coverage terms documented (typically 12–24 months)
•  Manufacturer certification (CE-marked for EU compliance, or equivalent regional compliance)

16.2 Common Model Number Decoding

Tecumseh Example: AW5532EXG

• A = Hermetic (sealed)
• W = Standard enclosure
• 55 = Displacement series (550 cc/rev class)
• 32 = Specific displacement (approximately)
• EXG = Extended application, R407C compatible, group G motor torque

Daikin Example: JT95BCBV1L

• JT = Scroll compressor line
• 95 = Approximate capacity (95 cc displacement, ~30 kBTU)
• BC = Bearing and oil type (BC = standard bearing)
• BV = Valve configuration
• 1L = 220V/50Hz single-phase variant

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CONCLUSION: SELECTING THE RIGHT COMPRESSOR FOR YOUR APPLICATION

The refrigeration compressor represents the highest-cost and most critical component in any HVAC or cooling system. Understanding the technical distinctions between reciprocating (piston), scroll, and rotary architectures enables facility managers and HVAC professionals to make informed decisions balancing efficiency, reliability, and cost.

Key Takeaways:

✓ Scroll compressors (Daikin JT series) deliver superior energy efficiency and quiet operation, ideal for continuous applications in temperature-controlled environments.

✓ Reciprocating piston compressors (Tecumseh AW/AV series) provide unmatched reliability for systems experiencing variable load cycles and startup-shutdown events.

✓ Rotary compressors (Matsushita, Hitachi, Toshiba) balance efficiency and cost-effectiveness, particularly valuable in emerging markets and small-to-medium capacity applications.

✓ Displacement-based selection enables precise capacity matching by dividing required cooling capacity (BTU) by manufacturer efficiency factor.

✓ Refrigerant compatibility must drive compressor selection, particularly given R22 phase-out and growing adoption of R407C and R410A alternatives.

✓ Proper oil charge, superheat adjustment, and commissioning procedures determine whether a compressor achieves nameplate capacity and design lifespan.

For facility planners and cooling system designers, detailed specification knowledge transforms compressor selection from guesswork into precision engineering, directly improving system performance, reducing energy consumption, and extending equipment lifespan.

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Mbsmpro.com, Evaporator and Condenser Data, Two-Door Refrigerators, 1/8 hp, 1/6 hp, 1/5 hp, System Sizing, Static Cooling, R134a or R600a, Heat Exchange Balancing

The Engineering Art of Balancing Refrigeration Systems: Evaporators, Condensers, and Compressors

In the world of domestic refrigeration, specifically for two-door appliances, the harmony between the three primary components—the compressor, the evaporator, and the condenser—determines the longevity and efficiency of the unit. As a field expert who has spent years troubleshooting and designing cooling circuits, I can tell you that a mismatch in these components is the leading cause of premature compressor failure and poor cooling performance.

Selecting a compressor is only the first step. To achieve thermal equilibrium, the heat absorbed by the evaporator in the freezer and fridge compartments must be effectively rejected by the condenser. This article breaks down the technical standards for small, medium, and jumbo two-door systems to ensure your repairs or builds meet professional engineering benchmarks.

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Technical Specifications and Component Matching

The following data provides the standard configurations for static-cooled two-door refrigerators. These values are critical for technicians performing “system upgrades” or replacing missing components.

System Category	Compressor HP	Evaporator Type	Condenser Size (U-Bends)	Typical Capacity (Liters)
Small	1/8 hp	Compact (~37cm)	12u – 14u	180L – 240L
Medium	1/6 hp	Standard Fin	16u – 18u	250L – 320L
Jumbo	1/5 hp	Large Surface	18u – 20u	330L – 450L

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Deep Dive into System Scaling

1. The Small System (1/8 hp)

Designed for compact two-door units, the 1/8 hp compressor works best with a condenser featuring 12 to 14 U-bends. This provides enough surface area to reject heat without causing excessive high-side pressure. If you find a unit struggling in high ambient temperatures (Tropical Class), increasing the condenser to 14u can significantly lower the compressor’s operating temperature.

2. The Medium Workhorse (1/6 hp)

This is the most common configuration in the market. A 1/6 hp compressor requires a robust heat rejection path, typically 16 to 18 U-bends. Using a 1/6 hp compressor with a small (12u) condenser will lead to “thermal trip” where the overload protector cuts out because the refrigerant cannot liquify fast enough, causing high head pressure.

3. The Jumbo Configuration (1/5 hp)

For large domestic refrigerators, the 1/5 hp compressor is the standard. These systems utilize jumbo evaporators to handle larger food volumes. To balance this, the condenser must be 18 to 20 U-bends. Anything less will result in poor sub-cooling and high energy consumption.

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Comparative Value Analysis: Heat Rejection vs. Horsepower

Understanding the relationship between compressor power and the physical dimensions of the heat exchangers is vital.

Feature	1/8 hp System	1/6 hp System	1/5 hp System
Evaporator Width	~37 cm	~45 cm	~52 cm+
Condenser Area	Baseline	+25%	+45%
Refrigerant Charge	Low (80-100g)	Medium (120-150g)	High (160g+)
Cooling Speed	Moderate	High	Professional Grade

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Engineering Insights: The “Note” on Compressor Swapping

One of the most valuable secrets in the field involves “over-motoring” a system. If you have a refrigerator designed for a small evaporator (traditionally 1/8 hp), you can install a 1/6 hp compressor to achieve faster pull-down times.

The Engineer’s Notice:
When upgrading from 1/8 hp to 1/6 hp on a small evaporator, you must adjust the condenser accordingly. By adding two extra U-bends or ensuring the existing condenser is perfectly clean and has maximum airflow, you prevent the higher-torque motor from overheating the system. Failing to adjust the condenser during a horsepower upgrade is a recipe for a “returned” repair within six months.

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Professional Advice for Field Technicians

1. Cleanliness is Efficiency: A 20u condenser that is covered in dust performs worse than a clean 12u condenser. Always vacuum the condenser coils during every service call.
2. Capillary Tube Matching: When changing horsepower, verify the capillary tube length. A 1/5 hp compressor requires a different flow rate than a 1/8 hp unit to avoid liquid slugging.
3. The “Finger Test”: On a balanced system, the first two bends of the condenser should be hot (not burning), and the last bend should be slightly above room temperature. If the whole condenser is hot, it is undersized for the compressor.

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Focus Keyphrase

Evaporator and Condenser Data for Two-Door Refrigerators 1/8 1/6 1/5 hp

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Professional engineering guide for balancing two-door refrigerators. Learn the correct condenser U-bend counts and evaporator sizes for 1/8, 1/6, and 1/5 hp compressors.

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Excerpt

Achieving perfect cooling requires a precise balance between the compressor horsepower and the heat exchange surface area. Whether you are working with a small 1/8 hp unit or a jumbo 1/5 hp system, understanding the required U-bends in the condenser is the key to professional, long-lasting refrigeration repairs and system design.

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Technical Resources and Downloads

• Internal Link: Mbsm.pro Compressor and Capillary Tube Sizing Chart

Mbsmpro, Compressor, Kiriazi Refrigerator, KM 33, L 310, 1/5 hp, R134a, 160g, 1.1 A, 220V, Tropical Class, Cooling and Freezing

Technical Analysis of the Kiriazi KM 33 and L 310 Tropical Cooling Systems

When it comes to high-performance refrigeration in demanding climates, the Kiriazi Company has established itself as a benchmark for durability and thermal efficiency. The KM 33 and L 310 models are specifically engineered for Tropical Class environments, meaning they are designed to maintain internal temperatures even when ambient external heat exceeds 43°C.

The heart of these units is a robust reciprocating compressor optimized for R134a refrigerant. Understanding the electrical and thermodynamic parameters of this system is essential for HVAC engineers and field technicians performing maintenance or compressor replacements.

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Core Technical Specifications

The following data outlines the operational limits and requirements for the Kiriazi KM 33 and L 310 series.

Parameter	Specification Value
Appliance Model	KM 33 / L 310 / K 330
Refrigerant Type	R134a (Tetrafluoroethane)
Refrigerant Charge	160 Grams
Voltage / Frequency	220V – 240V / 50Hz
Current Consumption	1.1 Amperes
Power Consumption	2.3 Kw.h / 24H
Freezing Capacity	5.0 Kg / 24H
Cooling System Pressure	20 Bar (High Side Test)
Climate Class	Tropical (T)

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Compressor Characteristics and Horsepower Correlation

In the field, identifying the exact horsepower of a compressor when the label is weathered requires looking at the Current Consumption (FLA). For the Kiriazi L 310, the 1.1A rating at 220V typically points to a 1/4 HP (Horsepower) compressor.

These compressors usually operate on an RSIR (Resistive Start, Inductive Run) or RSCR (Resistive Start, Capacitive Run) circuit. The Tropical motor designation indicates higher torque and reinforced insulation to handle the increased head pressure common in hot regions.

Comparative Power Analysis

How does the KM 33 compressor compare to other common refrigerator sizes?

Refrigerator Size	Typical Current (A)	Estimated HP	Refrigerant Charge
Small (120L)	0.6 – 0.7 A	1/8 HP	80 – 100g
Medium (250L)	0.8 – 0.9 A	1/6 HP	120 – 140g
Kiriazi KM 33 (330L)	1.1 A	1/5 HP	160g
Large Side-by-Side	1.5 – 2.0 A	1/4 HP	200g+

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Electrical Wiring and Schema

For technicians replacing the starting device (PTC or Relay), following the correct wiring diagram is vital to prevent motor burnout.

Typical Compressor Terminal Layout (Standard C-S-R):

1. Common (C): Connected to the Overload Protector (OLP).
2. Start (S): Connected to the Starting Relay/PTC.
3. Run (R): Connected to the Neutral line and the other side of the PTC.

Note: In Tropical models, a Run Capacitor (usually 4µF to 6µF) is often added between the Start and Run terminals to improve electrical efficiency and reduce heat generation during long run cycles.

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Engineering Advice for Peak Performance

1. Condenser Hygiene: Because this is a Tropical Class machine, the condenser coils dissipate a significant amount of heat. Ensure the rear of the fridge has at least 10cm of clearance from walls to prevent “short-cycling” of the compressor.
2. Voltage Stabilization: The 1.1A draw can spike significantly if the input voltage drops below 190V. In regions with unstable power, a dedicated voltage stabilizer is recommended to protect the compressor windings.
3. Filter Drier Replacement: When opening the system for repair, always replace the filter drier. With a 160g charge of R134a, even trace amounts of moisture can cause capillary tube blockage.

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Focus Keyphrase

Kiriazi Refrigerator KM 33 Compressor R134a Specs

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Comprehensive technical guide for Kiriazi KM 33 and L 310 refrigerators. Detailed specs on R134a compressor, 1.1A current, and tropical cooling performance for HVAC professionals.

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Excerpt

The Kiriazi KM 33 and L 310 refrigerators represent the pinnacle of tropical cooling engineering, designed to withstand extreme ambient temperatures while maintaining peak efficiency. Utilizing R134a refrigerant and a robust 1.1A compressor, these units are a staple for technicians requiring reliable performance data for maintenance and compressor replacement in high-heat environments.

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Mbsm.pro, REFRIGERATOR, K330, 330 L, Kiriazi K330, Compressor, 1/5 hp, EGM75AF, 11 feet

Embraco FMXY9C Compressor: R600a, 1/6 HP, Fullmotion Inverter, 220-240V, LBP Cooling – Technical Review and Comparison

This article provides a full technical breakdown of the Embraco FMXY9C compressor, including specs, performance, comparisons, and engineering advice for refrigeration systems.

Mbsmpro.com, Compressor, FMXY9C, Embraco, R600a, 1/6 hp, Cooling, 220-240V, 1Ph 50Hz, LBP, Fullmotion, Inverter, −35°C to −10°C, CE UL, Austria

Overview of Embraco FMXY9C Compressor

The Embraco FMXY9C is a hermetic reciprocating compressor designed for low back pressure (LBP) refrigeration systems. It uses R600a (isobutane) refrigerant, offering high efficiency and low environmental impact. Built in Austria, this model features Fullmotion inverter technology, allowing variable speed operation for optimized cooling and energy savings.

Technical Specifications Table

Parameter	Value
Model	FMXY9C
Brand	Embraco
Refrigerant	R600a
Voltage/Frequency	220-240V / 50Hz
Phase	Single (1Ph)
Rated Load Amps (RLA)	1.1 A
Locked Rotor Amps (LRA)	1.7 A
HP Rating	~1/6 HP
Cooling Type	LBP
Compressor Type	Fullmotion (Inverter)
Displacement	8.74 cm³
Max Winding Temp	130°C
Certifications	CE, UL
Origin	Austria
Oil Type	Alkyl Benzene
Application Range	−35°C to −10°C

Comparison with Similar Compressors

Model	Refrigerant	HP Rating	Application	Voltage	Technology
FMXY9C	R600a	~1/6 HP	LBP	220-240V	Fullmotion Inverter
VTH1113Y	R600a	~1/6 HP	LBP	220-240V	Inverter
NEK6210U	R290	~1/5 HP	MBP	115V	RSIR

FMXY9C offers superior energy control and quieter operation compared to fixed-speed models like NEK6210U.

Engineering Insights & Usage Tips

• Fullmotion Technology: Adjusts compressor speed based on cooling demand, reducing energy consumption.
• R600a Refrigerant: Eco-friendly with zero ozone depletion, but flammable—requires sealed systems and proper ventilation.
• Electronic Protection: Prevents overload and ensures safe operation under voltage fluctuations.
• Maintenance Advice: Use only Embraco-approved components and compatible oil to maintain performance and warranty.

Benefits of FMXY9C Compressor

• Energy Efficiency: Variable speed operation reduces power draw.
• Quiet Performance: Ideal for residential and commercial refrigeration.
• Durability: Designed for high ambient temperatures and long duty cycles.

Focus Keyphrase

Embraco FMXY9C Compressor R600a 1/6 HP Fullmotion Inverter 220-240V 50Hz LBP Cooling Austria CE UL Specs Comparison

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Excerpt

The Embraco FMXY9C compressor is a high-efficiency inverter model using R600a refrigerant. Designed for LBP applications, it operates on 220-240V and offers quiet, reliable cooling with electronic protection.

Jiaxipera VTH1113Y Compressor: R600a, 220-240V, LBP Cooling, Technical Breakdown and Engineering Insights

Jiaxipera VTH1113Y Compressor Horsepower Rating

The Jiaxipera VTH1113Y compressor is typically rated at approximately 1/6 HP (Horsepower). This rating aligns with its application in low back pressure (LBP) systems, such as household refrigerators using R600a refrigerant. The compressor is designed for efficient cooling in temperature ranges from −35°C to −10°C, making it suitable for static cooling environments.

Comparison Table: HP Ratings of Similar Compressors

Model	Refrigerant	HP Rating	Application
VTH1113Y	R600a	~1/6 HP	LBP
VTX1116Y	R600a	~1/5 HP	MHBP
VNC1118Z	R134a	~1/5 HP	HBP

Engineering Insight

• 1/6 HP compressors are ideal for compact refrigerators and deep freezers.
• They offer low energy consumption and quiet operation, especially when paired with inverter technology.
• R600a refrigerant enhances efficiency but requires careful handling due to its flammability.

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Jiaxipera VTH1113Y Compressor Horsepower Rating

The Jiaxipera VTH1113Y compressor is typically rated at approximately 1/6 HP (Horsepower). This rating aligns with its application in low back pressure (LBP) systems, such as household refrigerators using R600a refrigerant. The compressor is designed for efficient cooling in temperature ranges from −35°C to −10°C, making it suitable for static cooling environments.

Model	Refrigerant	HP Rating	Application
VTH1113Y	R600a	~1/6 HP	LBP
VTX1116Y	R600a	~1/5 HP	MHBP
VNC1118Z	R134a	~1/5 HP	HBP

1/6 HP compressors are ideal for compact refrigerators and deep freezers. They offer low energy consumption and quiet operation, especially when paired with inverter technology. R600a refrigerant enhances efficiency but requires careful handling due to its flammability.

This article explores the Jiaxipera VTH1113Y compressor used in inverter refrigerators, highlighting its specifications, performance, and comparisons with similar models.

Mbsmpro.com, Compressor, VTH1113Y, Jiaxipera, R600a, 220-240V, 1PH, 50Hz, LBP, Static Cooling, −35°C to −10°C, Alkyl Benzene Oil, ASHRAE Standard

Technical Overview of Jiaxipera VTH1113Y Compressor

The Jiaxipera VTH1113Y is a hermetic inverter compressor designed for household refrigerators using R600a (isobutane) refrigerant. It operates on 220-240V at 50Hz, with a single-phase configuration. This model is optimized for Low Back Pressure (LBP) applications, making it ideal for cooling environments ranging from −35°C to −10°C.

Performance Specifications Table

Parameter	Value
Refrigerant	R600a
Voltage/Frequency	220-240V / 50Hz
Cooling Type	Static
Application	LBP
Evaporating Temp Range	−35°C to −10°C
Displacement	8.9 cm³
Max Winding Temp	130°C
Max Discharge Pressure	0.98 MPa
COP Range	1.60 – 1.72
Power Consumption	40.7W – 131.3W
Current Range	0.44A – 1.25A
Speed Range	1320 – 4500 RPM
Oil Type	Alkyl Benzene

Comparison with Similar Compressors

Model	Refrigerant	HP Rating	Application	COP	Voltage
VTH1113Y	R600a	~1/6 HP	LBP	1.60–1.72	220-240V
VTX1116Y	R600a	~1/5 HP	MHBP	1.65–1.75	220-240V
VNC1118Z	R134a	~1/5 HP	HBP	1.55–1.70	220-240V

VTH1113Y is best suited for low-temperature applications, while VTX1116Y and VNC1118Z serve medium and high pressure systems respectively.

Engineering Insights & Usage Recommendations

• Use in LBP Systems: Ideal for deep-freezing and low-temperature refrigeration.
• R600a Compatibility: Environmentally friendly with low GWP, but requires leak-proof systems due to flammability.
• Voltage Stability: Ensure consistent 220-240V supply to avoid overload protection triggers.
• Oil Maintenance: Use only Alkyl Benzene oil for optimal lubrication and longevity.

Benefits of VTH1113Y Compressor

• Energy Efficient: High COP values reduce electricity consumption.
• Quiet Operation: Inverter technology minimizes noise.
• Durable Design: Withstands high discharge pressure and ambient temperatures up to 43°C.

Focus Keyphrase

Jiaxipera VTH1113Y Compressor R600a 220-240V 50Hz LBP Cooling Static Inverter Refrigerator Technical Specifications Comparison

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Excerpt

Jiaxipera VTH1113Y is a high-efficiency inverter compressor using R600a refrigerant. Designed for LBP applications, it operates on 220-240V and offers quiet, reliable cooling for household refrigerators.

HITACHI FL20S88NAA Compressor Specifications: Complete Technical Guide for Sharp Refrigerators with HFC-134a R134a 220-240V 50Hz LBP

Comprehensive technical documentation on the HITACHI FL20S88NAA 0.75 HP refrigeration compressor and its integration in the Sharp SJ-PT73R-HS3 refrigerator-freezer unit. This professional guide covers compressor specifications, operating principles, performance comparisons, pressure classifications, and maintenance essentials for HVAC and refrigeration professionals.

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Understanding the HITACHI FL20S88NAA Compressor: Core Specifications and Technical Characteristics

The HITACHI FL20S88NAA represents a critical component in small to medium-capacity refrigeration systems, specifically engineered for household refrigerator-freezer applications. This hermetic, scroll-based compressor operates on the low back pressure (LBP) principle, making it ideal for maintaining temperature ranges between −30°C and −10°C—the optimal zone for freezer compartments with secondary refrigeration cycles for fresh food storage. Manufactured on December 16, 2009, and bearing serial number 65447, this compressor demonstrates the robust engineering standards that established HITACHI’s reputation in refrigeration technology across the Asian and European markets.

The FL20S88NAA designation itself contains critical encoded information for technicians and engineers. The “FL” prefix indicates the Rotary Scroll Compressor Series, while “20” refers to the approximate displacement volume of 20.6 cubic centimeters per revolution. This displacement capacity, combined with 50Hz operation at 220-240V single-phase input, produces a rated cooling capacity of approximately 256 watts under ASHRAE test conditions—a specification that aligns with the energy demands of mid-size refrigerators ranging from 550 to 700 liters gross volume.​

The compressor utilizes HFC-134a (R134a) refrigerant, a hydrofluorocarbon that has been the industry standard for household refrigeration since the phase-out of CFC-12 under the Montreal Protocol. The 110-gram charge specified for the Sharp SJ-PT73R-HS3 unit represents a carefully calibrated mass that balances system efficiency with environmental responsibility—HFC-134a has zero ozone depletion potential while maintaining favorable thermodynamic properties for small-scale refrigeration applications.​

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Pressure Classification and Operating Principles: LBP vs. Other Pressure Categories

The LBP (Low Back Pressure) designation distinguishes the FL20S88NAA from its medium back pressure (MBP) and high back pressure (HBP) counterparts, a classification system that directly reflects the compressor’s evaporating temperature operational range and intended application environment. Understanding this distinction is essential for proper compressor selection, replacement procedures, and system diagnostics.​

Low Back Pressure (LBP) compressors like the FL20S88NAA are optimized for evaporating temperatures typically ranging from −10°C down to −35°C or lower, making them the standard choice for deep freezers, freezer compartments in refrigerators, and preservation units where sustained low temperatures are required. These compressors operate efficiently when the suction-side pressure remains low, which occurs naturally when the evaporator temperature is substantially below the ambient cooling environment.​

Pressure Classification	Evaporating Temperature Range	Typical Applications	Pressure Characteristics
LBP (Low Back Pressure)	−35°C to −10°C	Freezers, freezer compartments, preservation cabinets	Lower suction pressure, higher compression ratio
MBP (Medium Back Pressure)	−20°C to 0°C	Beverage coolers, cold display cabinets, milk coolers	Moderate suction pressure
HBP (High Back Pressure)	−5°C to +15°C	Room coolers, dehumidifiers, warmer applications	Higher suction pressure, lower compression ratio

The compression ratio—the mathematical relationship between discharge pressure and suction pressure—becomes critically important when analyzing LBP versus MBP performance. The FL20S88NAA’s LBP optimization means it achieves maximum volumetric efficiency when operating across the wider pressure differential inherent in freezer systems, but attempting to operate this same compressor in an MBP application (such as a beverage cooler) would result in reduced cooling capacity, potential motor overheating, and shortened service life.​

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Electrical Specifications and Motor Design: RSIR Starting Method

The electrical configuration of the FL20S88NAA incorporates the RSIR (Resistance Start, Induction Run) starting method—a proven design approach that uses the compressor motor’s run capacitor combined with a starting relay to achieve reliable cold starts without requiring additional starting capacitor hardware. This single-phase motor configuration accepts 220-240V at 50Hz frequency, with a rated current draw of approximately 1.2-1.3A during normal operation, producing a motor input of 145-170 watts.​

The RSIR designation indicates that the compressor motor windings are designed with intentional resistance differential between the start and run coils, creating the phase shift necessary to produce rotating magnetic fields during the initial acceleration phase. Once the motor reaches approximately 75% of its synchronous speed, the starting relay mechanism automatically disconnects the start coil circuit, and the motor continues operating on the run coil alone—a configuration offering several advantages over alternative starting methods:

Advantages of RSIR Design:

• Simplified Control Circuitry: Eliminates the need for dedicated starting capacitors, reducing component count and complexity
• Reliable Cold Starts: Provides adequate starting torque even after extended shutdown periods when gas pressures have equalized
• Extended Motor Life: The reduced electrical stress during startup contributes to longer operational life compared to capacitor-start designs
• Cost Effectiveness: Lower manufacturing complexity translates to reduced acquisition costs

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The Sharp SJ-PT73R-HS3 Refrigerator: Integration and Performance Specifications

The SHARP SJ-PT73R-HS3 represents a mid-range, dual-chamber refrigerator-freezer unit engineered around the FL20S88NAA compressor as its primary cooling agent. With a gross storage volume of 662 liters and net capacity of 555 liters, this model exemplifies the contemporary approach to household refrigeration, combining traditional vapor-compression cooling technology with advanced supplementary systems for enhanced freshness retention.​

The refrigerator’s physical footprint—800mm width, 1770mm height, and 720mm depth—accommodates standard kitchen layouts while maximizing internal storage efficiency through the Hybrid Cooling System. This technology employs an aluminum panel cooled to approximately 0°C, which acts as an intermediary heat sink. Rather than exposing food directly to rapid cold air circulation (which causes dehydration), the Hybrid Cooling System distributes temperature-controlled air more gradually across all compartments, maintaining humidity levels while preventing moisture loss from produce and fresh items.​

The electrical specifications indicate a refrigerant charge of 110 grams HFC-134a and insulation blowing gas consisting of cyclo pentane (a hydrocarbon substitute for CFCs). The unit’s net weight of 82 kilograms reflects substantial internal copper piping, aluminum evaporator surfaces, and the insulation foam layer manufactured with flammable blowing agents—an environmental trade-off that reduces global warming potential while introducing manageable thermal stability requirements.

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Refrigerant Properties and System Thermodynamics: HFC-134a Characteristics

HFC-134a (Hydrofluorocarbon-134a, also marketed as Freon™ 134a) possesses specific thermodynamic properties that make it uniquely suited for small hermetic refrigeration systems like the FL20S88NAA. With a boiling point of −26.06°C at one atmosphere and a critical temperature of 101.08°C, HFC-134a occupies a favorable operating envelope for household refrigeration where evaporator temperatures range from −30°C to +5°C and condenser temperatures typically reach 40−60°C.​

The refrigerant’s molecular weight of 102.03 g/mol and critical pressure of 4060.3 kPa absolute influence the pressure-temperature relationships critical for technician diagnostics. At an evaporating temperature of −23.3°C (ASHRAE rating condition), HFC-134a exhibits a saturation pressure of approximately 1.0 bar absolute, while at a condensing temperature of 54.4°C (130°F), the saturation pressure rises to approximately 10.6 bar absolute—a pressure ratio of roughly 10:1 that the FL20S88NAA’s displacement and motor design accommodate efficiently.​

The solubility of HFC-134a in mineral oil adds complexity to compressor oil selection and system lubrication strategy. The refrigerant dissolves in the compressor’s mineral oil lubricant to varying degrees depending on temperature and pressure conditions. This miscibility is essential for proper motor cooling and bearing lubrication but requires careful attention during system service—oil contamination with air or moisture accelerates acid formation, potentially damaging motor insulation and compressor valve surfaces.​

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Displacement Volume and Cooling Capacity Performance Analysis

The FL20S88NAA’s 20.6 cm³ displacement per revolution, operating at 50Hz (3000 RPM nominal synchronous speed, typically 2800-2900 RPM actual), theoretically moves approximately 617 cm³ (0.617 liters) of refrigerant gas per minute under full-speed operation. However, actual volumetric efficiency—the percentage of theoretical displacement that translates to useful refrigerant circulation—typically ranges from 65−85% depending on system operating conditions, suction line pressure, and compressor wear characteristics.​

The 256-watt cooling capacity specification deserves careful interpretation. This measurement represents the heat removal rate (in joules per second) achieved under standardized ASHRAE test conditions: evaporating temperature of −23.3°C, condensing temperature of 54.4°C, and subcooled liquid entering the expansion device. This cooling capacity represents the actual useful heat transfer occurring at the evaporator surface, not the total energy input to the system. The relationship between cooling capacity, displacement, and power input defines the Coefficient of Performance (COP)—a unitless metric expressing system efficiency:

COP = Cooling Capacity (W) / Compressor Power Input (W)

For the FL20S88NAA operating near design conditions:
COP ≈ 256 W / 160 W ≈ 1.6

This 1.6 COP indicates that for every watt of electrical energy supplied to the motor, the system removes 1.6 watts of heat from the refrigerated space—a reasonable efficiency level for small hermetic compressors operating under typical household refrigeration loads.​

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Starting Method, Relay Operation, and Control System Integration

The RSIR (Resistance Start, Induction Run) starting methodology employed by the FL20S88NAA requires careful coordination between the motor windings, starting relay, and compressor discharge pressure characteristics. During the startup sequence—the critical 0−3 second period when the motor must accelerate from zero to approximately 75% synchronous speed—the starting relay circuit permits current through both main and auxiliary motor windings, creating the requisite rotating magnetic field.

As motor speed increases, back EMF (electromotive force) builds in the run winding. When back EMF reaches approximately 75% of applied voltage, the pressure equalization mechanism integrated into the compressor discharge line equalizes internal pressures, reducing the starting torque requirement. Simultaneously, the starting relay detects this speed increase through a combination of current sensing and mechanical timing, automatically opening the starting circuit.

The Sharp SJ-PT73R-HS3’s electronic control system monitors refrigerator and freezer compartment temperatures through thermistor sensors, determining when to activate the compressor. A typical refrigeration cycle operates on an ON/OFF basis: when freezer temperature rises above the setpoint (typically −18°C), the thermostat closes a relay contact, energizing the compressor motor. The motor runs continuously until evaporator temperature drops to satisfy the freezer setpoint, at which point the thermostat opens the relay, stopping the compressor. This simple but effective control strategy suits the thermal mass and insulation characteristics of large household refrigerators.​

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Comparison with Modern Inverter Compressors and Energy Efficiency Implications

Contemporary refrigerator designs increasingly incorporate inverter compressors—variable-speed motors controlled by electronic inverter drives that adjust compressor speed continuously based on cooling demand. Sharp’s J-Tech Inverter technology, featured in their premium refrigerator models, offers substantial energy savings compared to fixed-speed designs like those utilizing the FL20S88NAA.​​

Performance Parameter	Fixed-Speed (FL20S88NAA Type)	Inverter-Based System	Improvement
Energy Consumption	100% (baseline)	60−70%	30−40% reduction
Noise Level	100% (baseline)	~50%	50% noise reduction
Vibration	100% (baseline)	~70%	30% vibration reduction
Temperature Stability	±3−5°C variance	±0.5−1°C variance	Significantly improved
Compressor On/Off Cycles	~8−15 per hour	~50+ per hour (variable speed)	More stable operation

The energy efficiency advantage stems from compressor speed modulation. Fixed-speed compressors like the FL20S88NAA operate in a binary mode: either running at full displacement (consuming maximum power) or completely stopped. During partial-load conditions—when the refrigerator’s cooling requirement is less than the compressor’s full capacity—the system cycles on and off frequently, wasting energy during starting transients and experiencing temperature overshoot/undershoot between cycles.

Inverter systems address this through continuous variable-speed operation. When cooling demand decreases, the inverter electronics progressively reduce motor frequency and voltage, allowing the compressor to operate at lower displacement rates. This eliminates the energy waste from repeated start/stop cycles and maintains more stable compartment temperatures. Testing by Sharp indicates approximately 40% faster ice cube formation and 10% additional energy savings in Eco Mode compared to conventional fixed-speed designs.​​

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Oil Charge Requirements and Lubrication Considerations

The FL20S88NAA specification calls for precisely 220 grams of mineral-based compressor oil—a critical parameter that directly affects motor cooling, bearing lubrication, and long-term compressor reliability. Insufficient oil reduces bearing film thickness and motor cooling effectiveness, while excess oil impairs heat transfer at the motor windings and can damage the expansion valve through oil slugging (liquid oil being pumped into the evaporator discharge line).​

The oil selection process involves considering the refrigerant miscibility characteristics. HFC-134a systems typically employ mineral oils with kinematic viscosity around 32 cSt at 40°C, a standard that balances viscous film strength at bearing surfaces with the reduced viscosity that occurs when refrigerant dissolves in the oil during system operation. At typical operating temperatures (motor discharge reaching 80−100°C), the combined refrigerant-oil mixture maintains adequate viscosity for bearing protection while allowing efficient heat transfer away from motor windings.​

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Maintenance, Diagnostics, and Service Considerations

Professional HVAC technicians servicing the Sharp SJ-PT73R-HS3 or similar systems using the FL20S88NAA require specific diagnostic approaches. Key parameters to monitor include:

Suction Pressure Monitoring: At the compressor inlet, steady-state suction pressure should reflect the evaporating temperature. For −23.3°C ASHRAE conditions, expect approximately 1.0 bar absolute. Abnormally high suction pressure suggests restricted refrigerant metering (plugged expansion valve), while low suction pressure indicates insufficient evaporator heat absorption or refrigerant charge loss.​

Discharge Pressure Analysis: Condensing temperature directly influences discharge pressure. At typical ambient conditions (27°C kitchen temperature), expect discharge pressures of 8−12 bar absolute. Excessively high discharge pressure (>14 bar) indicates condenser fouling, non-condensables in the refrigerant circuit, or restriction in the discharge line. Abnormally low discharge pressure suggests superheated refrigerant or loss of refrigerant charge.​

Motor Current Signature Analysis: The FL20S88NAA’s rated run current of 1.2−1.3A provides a baseline for condition assessment. Elevated current draw (>1.5A sustained) indicates either elevated system pressures (condenser dirty, high ambient temperature) or motor winding degradation. Diminished current draw (<1.0A) suggests insufficient load, possibly from low system pressures from refrigerant loss.​

Liquid Line Temperature: Ideally, the high-pressure liquid exiting the condenser should be 5−10°C above ambient. This “subcooling” indicates proper refrigerant charge levels and condenser performance. Insufficient subcooling suggests low charge or poor condenser air flow; excessive subcooling (>15°C above ambient) may indicate excess charge or expansion valve malfunction.

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Compatibility, Retrofitting, and Replacement Considerations

The FL20S88NAA occupies a specific application niche that has remained largely stable since its introduction in 2009, reflecting the standardization of household refrigerator designs. When replacement becomes necessary—typically after 15−20 years of operation or following mechanical failure—technicians must carefully assess compatible alternatives.

Direct Replacement Options: The HITACHI FL20H88-TAA represents a direct successor, offering identical displacement but enhanced efficiency. The H-series designation indicates “Improved” performance characteristics.​

HFC-134a Retrofitting: Any replacement compressor must be HFC-134a compatible. Retrofitting from older CFC-12 or HCFC-22 systems to R134a requires not only compressor replacement but also expansion valve adjustment (R134a typically requires finer orifice sizing), lubricant conversion (synthetic polyol ester oils for R134a vs. mineral oils for CFC-12), and sometimes condenser enhancement due to R134a’s different heat transfer characteristics.​

Cross-Reference Challenges: Different manufacturers encode compressor specifications differently. A technician replacing the FL20S88NAA might encounter GMCC, Copeland, or Tecumseh alternatives with fundamentally equivalent displacement and pressure ratings. Success requires consulting manufacturer’s cross-reference tables and verifying that replacement units operate at 220-240V/50Hz and suit LBP applications.​

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Conclusion: Integration of Compressor Technology in Modern Refrigerator Systems

The HITACHI FL20S88NAA compressor embedded within the Sharp SJ-PT73R-HS3 refrigerator-freezer unit exemplifies the technical sophistication underlying everyday household appliances. This 0.75-horsepower hermetic scroll compressor, optimized for 220-240V/50Hz operation with HFC-134a refrigerant and LBP pressure characteristics, delivers approximately 256 watts of cooling capacity while consuming just 160 watts of electrical power—a 1.6 COP that reflects decades of incremental engineering refinement.

The integration of the Hybrid Cooling System, electronic temperature control, and RSIR-method starting represents a balanced approach to refrigerant-based heat transfer, prioritizing reliability and simplicity over the variable-speed sophistication now becoming standard in premium models. For regions utilizing 50Hz electrical infrastructure and requiring robust, serviceable refrigeration systems, the specifications outlined herein provide both immediate diagnostic guidance and long-term maintenance planning tools.

As the refrigeration industry transitions toward next-generation compressor technologies—incorporating variable-speed inverter drives, alternative refrigerants such as HFO-1234yf and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) for reduced global warming potential, and AI-enabled predictive maintenance systems—the FL20S88NAA remains an instructive reference point for understanding the thermodynamic principles that continue to govern small-scale refrigeration applications worldwide.​

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HITACHI, FL20S88NAA, Compressor, Refrigerator, HFC-134a, R134a, 220-240V, 50Hz, LBP, Cooling Capacity, SHARP, SJ-PT73R-HS3, Hybrid Cooling, Mbsmgroup, Mbsm.pro, mbsmpro.com, mbsm, Technical Specifications, HVAC, Refrigeration, RSIR Starting Method

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The HITACHI FL20S88NAA 0.75 HP hermetic scroll compressor delivers 256W cooling capacity at 50Hz, utilizing HFC-134a refrigerant for household refrigerator-freezer applications. This LBP-classified unit operates reliably at 220-240V with RSIR starting method, integrated into Sharp’s SJ-PT73R-HS3 model offering 662-liter gross capacity with Hybrid Cooling System and Plasmacluster technology.